Thoracic Cardiology Flashcards
(54 cards)
What are the two divisions of the mediastinum and what divides them?
- superior and inferior mediastinum
- divided by the sternal angle
What are the 3 divisions of the inferior mediastinum?
-anterior, middle, posterior
middle = heart
What are the 5 layers of the heart internal to external ?
- endocardium
- myocardium
- epicardium/visceral serous pericardium
- parietal serous pericardium
- fibrous pericardium
What is the endocardium made of?
-internal endothelial tissue and subendothelial layer lining the inside chambers of heart and valves
What are the functions of the fibrous pericardium?
- provide attachment for myocardium
- AV valves
- support & strengthen AV and semilunar orifices
- electrical insulation b/w atria and ventricles
What are the two pericardial sinuses and where are they located?
1) oblique pericardial sinus - wide recess posterior to the base of the heart
2) transverse pericardial sinus - transverse passage traversing the origins of the great vessels
What is the surgical significance of the transverse sinus?
-space allows cardiac surgeons to access the area posterior to the aorta & pulmonary trunks to clamp or insert tubes of a bypass machine into them
Where does the SVC receives its deO2 blood from ?
-posterior thoracic wall, head, neck UE
Where does the IVC receive its deO2 blood from?
-posterior abdominal wall, LE, Liver
Where does the aortic arch send O2 blood to?
head, neck, UE, anterior thoracic wall
Where does the descending aorta send O2 blood to?
-LE, pelvis, posterior thoracic wall, abdomen
What are the external features of the heart?
1) apex - inferolateral LV
2) base - Posterior, near LA
3) Surfaces - >sternocostal - RV
- > diaphragmatic - RV & LV
- > pulmonary - RA & LV on cardiac impressions
4) Borders
- right = RA
- Left -> LV
- inferior = RV
- superior = RA & LA, exit point to great vessels
Where is the Right Atrioventricular groove and what runs in it?
- in b/w the RA & RV
- right coronary A.
Where is the Left Atrioventricular groove and what runs in it?
- in b/w the LA & LV
- coronary sinus
Where is the anterior inter ventricular groove and what runs in it?
b/w LV and RV on anterior heart
-anterior interventricular a. and great cardiac v.
Where is the posterior inter ventricular groove and what runs in it?
b/w RV and LV on posterior heart
-posterior inter ventricular a. and middle cardiac v.
What is the sulcus terminals?
an external sulcus on the RA that corresponds to the internal crust terminals
What is the Ligamentum Arteriosum ?
the remnant of the ductus arterioles (connect palm trunk and aortic arch in fetus & infancy)
What are the Internal Features of the Right Atrium?
- sinus venarum ( vena cavae & coronary sinus empty into)
- pectinate m. (right auricle)
- crista terminalis (internal ridge sep. smooth and rough)
- interarterial septum (fossa ovalis)
- opening for coronary sinus
What causes an atrial septal defect?
consequence?
- failure of closure of foramen ovals
- opening can allow for mix go O2 rich and depleted blood
- 15-20% of adults
What is the Right Atrioventricular Orifice?
-passage way b/e RA & RV occluded by the tricuspid valve
What are the internal features of the RV?
- tricuspid valve
- trabeculae carnae
- conus arteriosus
- pulmonary valve
Describe the parts of the tricuspid valve and how they’re attached to the heart?
-anterior, posterior, and septal cusps attached to anterior, posterior, and septal papillary m. via chordae tendonae
What is the septomarginal trabeculum and what does it do?
- aka the moderator band, part of the trabeculae carnae
- travels from the IV septum to the anterior papillary m.
- transmits electrical signal from AV bundle to the anterior papillary m.
