Thoracic Cavity - Anatomy 08/14/17

Question 1

What are the 4 parts to the sternum?

Answer 1

1. Manubrium
2. Sternal Angle
3. Body
4. Xiphoid Process

Question 2

How many ribs are in the thoracic cavity?

Answer 2

12

Question 3

True Ribs

Answer 3

1-7. Connect to sternum by costal cartilage

Question 4

False Ribs

Answer 4

8-10. Connect indirectly to sternum

Question 5

Floating Ribs

Answer 5

11-12. Do not connect with anything

Question 6

What does the costal margin do?

Answer 6

Joins cartilage of ribs 7-10

Question 7

Where does second rib attach?

Answer 7

Sternal angle

Question 8

What are the 4 parts of rub structure?

Answer 8

1. Head
2. Tubercle
3. Costal angle
4. Costal groove

Question 9

Where is the weakest part of the rib?

Answer 9

Just anterior to costal angle

Question 10

What is an important part of the 1st rib?

Answer 10

Contains grooves for on superior surface for subclavian vein and artery

Question 11

What ribs are most commonly fractured?

Answer 11

Ribs 3-8

Question 12

Is first rib often fractured?

Answer 12

No - in protected position

Question 13

What else is damaged in a rib fracture?

Answer 13

Vessels and nerves

Question 14

What is flail chest?

Answer 14

Multiple ribs with multiple fractures that stack on top of each other

Question 15

What important things enter the Superior Thoracic Aperature?

Answer 15

1. Food
2. Air
3. Venous blood
4. Vagus nerve
5. Phrenic nerve

Question 16

What passes through Inferior Thoracic Aperature?

Answer 16

1. Food
2. Vagus nerve
3. Arterial blood in aorta

Question 17

What is Thoracic inlet/outlet?

Answer 17

Superior/Inferior Thoracic Aperature

Question 18

What are the 7 accessory muscles of respiration

Answer 18

1-3. Aterior/Middle/Posterior Scalene

4. Pectoralis Major
5. Serratus Anterior
6. Subclavius
7. Pectoralis Minor

Question 19

What 2 things do all the scalene muscles do?

Answer 19

1. Fix 1st and 2nd ribs in forceful inspiration

2. Innervate C3-C6 spinal nerves

Question 20

What are the 4 attachments to the pec major?

Answer 20

1. Clavicle
2. Sternum to 7th rib
3. Costal cartilage
4. Bicipital groove of humerus

Question 21

What muscle protracts and rotates scapula?

Answer 21

Serratus Anterior

Question 22

What muscles pulls the clavicle down and forward?

Answer 22

Subclavius and Pec Minor

Question 23

What are the 4 muscles of respiration?

Answer 23

1-3. External/Internal/Innermost Intercostals

4. Subcostal

Question 24

Which muscle is most active in inspiration?

Answer 24

External intercostals

Question 25

Which muscle is most active in exhalation?

Answer 25

Internal intercostals

Question 26

What separates the innermost costals from that internal?

Answer 26

Nerves and vessels

Question 27

What does the subcostal cross?

Answer 27

2 intercostal spaces

Question 28

Why do we put our hands or bodies in certain positions when it is hard to breath?

Answer 28

It allows all accessory muscles to contribute

Question 29

How does the thoracic wall move during flail chest?

Answer 29

Inward on inspiration, outward on on expiration

Question 30

What 4 things does the Posterior Branch of the Intercostal Arteries supply?

Answer 30

1. Spinal cord 2. Back 3. Muscle mm? 4. Skin

Question 31

How do costal grooves group the structures superior to inferior?

Answer 31

1. Vain 2. Artery 3. Nerve VAN

Question 32

What do the Posterior Intercostal Arteries supply?

Answer 32

1. Intercostal mm? 2. Overlaying skin 3. Parietal Pleura

Question 33

What is the Parietal Pleura?

Answer 33

Membrane attached to inner surface of thoracic cavity

Question 34

What do the Anterior Intercostal Arteries supply?

Answer 34

1. ICS 1-9 including intercostal mm 2. Overlying skin 3. Parietal pleura

Question 35

Where do the Internal Thoracic Arteries descend to?

Answer 35

Thorax posterior to clavicle

Question 36

What does anastomose mean?

Answer 36

Two vessels bring together blood

Question 37

What do the anterior and posterior intercostal veins do?

Answer 37

Anastomose with each other to drain vertebral venous plexuses

Question 38

What is a plexus?

Answer 38

Intersecting nerves

Question 39

What forms the intercostal nn? (nn?)

Answer 39

Anterior rami from T1-T11 thoracic spinal nerves

Question 40

What thoracic nerve forms the subcostal

Answer 40

Anterior ramus T12

Question 41

Where are intercostal grooves located?

Answer 41

Within the costal grooves on the ribs

Question 42

What are the 5 branches to intercostal nerves?

Answer 42

1. Rami communicantes 2. Collateral branches 3. Muscular branches 4. Lateral cutaneous branches 5. Anterior cutaneous branches

Question 43

What does the Rami Communicantes supply?

Answer 43

Sympathetics to smooth muscles, walls of organs, glands

Question 44

What do the collateral branches supply?

Answer 44

Intercostal muscles and parietal pleura

Question 45

What do lateral cutaneous branches supply?

Answer 45

Skin of thoracic and abdominal walls

Question 46

What do the anterior cutaneous branches supply?

Answer 46

Skin on anterior surface of thorax and abdomen

Question 47

What happens in an intercostal nerve block?

Answer 47

Nerve endings in skin and transmission of impulses through sensory nerves are interrupted before they reach spinal cord and brain

Question 48

How many nerves need to be anesthetized?

Answer 48

2 or more - want to inject as close to nerve as possible

Question 49

Define collateral circulation

Answer 49

Alternate circulation around a blocked artery or vein via another path