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msk 3 > Thoracic iRA/tRA > Flashcards

Thoracic iRA/tRA Flashcards

1
Q

Which thoracic vertebrae is heart shaped?

A

4th

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2
Q

Where is the center of mass in the thoracic vertebrae?

A

anterior to thoracic kyphosis - predisposes vertebra to compression fractures as well as waisted cylinders

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3
Q

thoracic transverse processes ______ as we move caudally

A

shorten

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4
Q

spinous process project ______ and overlap vertebra ____

A

caudally, vertebra 5-8

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5
Q

What has a deep inferior notch and a shallow superior notch?

A

pedicles

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6
Q

pedicles increase in ______ caudally

A

thickness

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7
Q

what is the shape of the spinal foramen in thoracic vertebrae?

A

small and circular

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8
Q

at what level are the transverse processes

A

at the level of the spinous process

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9
Q

Which ribs are true ribs? Where do they articulate?

A

1-7
- articulate with sternum

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10
Q

Which ribs are false ribs? Where do they articulate?

A

8-10 - typically join superjacent costal cartilage

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11
Q

Which ribs are floating ribs?

A

11-12
- sometimes rib 10 is a floating rib

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12
Q

T1 variences

A

facets for articulation with whole facets of the first rib & an inferior facet for articulation with part of the 2nd rib

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13
Q

T9 variences

A

often fails to articulate with the 10th ribs- inferior costal facets are absent

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14
Q

T10 variences

A

superior costal facets only, as the only costal articulation is with the 10th ribs

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15
Q

T11 variences

A

costal facet close to the upper border of the body and extend onto the pedicles

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16
Q

Which vertebra has no articular facets on transverse processes

A

T11

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17
Q

T12 variences

A

circular facet on body (articulates with head of rib 12)
- transverse process replaced by superior, lateral, and inferior

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18
Q

orientation of superior articular processes of z-joints

A

face posteriorly and slightly superiolaterally

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19
Q

orientation of inferior articular processes of z-joints

A

face anterior and slightly inferiomedially

20
Q

innervation of z-joint referral patterns

A

medial branch of dorsal rami

21
Q

Ribs _____ articulates with superior and inferior bodies of joints of the costal heads

A

2-9

22
Q

What ligament unites the front of the head of a rib with the bodies of the two vertebrae and the intervertebral disc between them?

A

radiate ligament

23
Q

What is a thick, strong, flat, quadrilateral ligament that is on inferior border of transverse process to superior border of neck of underlying rib?

A

superior costotransverse ligament

24
Q

innervation of costotransverse referral patterns

A

lateral branch of dorsal rami

25
Q

What ligament blends with the tectoral membrane and spans from posterior body to C2 to sacrum?

A

posterior longitudinal ligament

26
Q

What ligament spans anterior spine, blending with anterior bodies and anulus/end plates?

A

anterior longitudinal ligaments

27
Q

What ligament attaches to adjacent laminae?

A

ligamenta flava

28
Q

IV discs of spine are thinnest in _____ T-spine?

A

upper

29
Q

rib 1 joint type

A

synarthrosis

30
Q

ribs 2-7 joint type

A

synovial joints

31
Q

ribs 8-10 joint types

A

interchondral joints

32
Q

_______ motion increases as you move caudally

A

flexion

33
Q

What motion is more in upper and mid compared to lower T-spine?

A

rotation

34
Q

Why is T-spine motion limited?

A

to reduce interference with respiration

35
Q

During extension, the upper vertebra tilts _______

A

posteriorly

36
Q

What limits t-spine extension

A

impact of articular process and spinous processes

37
Q

facet joint motion during flexion
- where is the tensile load during flexion?

A

superior facets glide superior and anterior
- posterior annulus has tensile load

38
Q

What checks lateral flexion?

A

resistance from ribs and sternum

39
Q

t-spine flexion arthrokinematics

A

rotation and lateral flexion ipsilaterally

40
Q

t-spine extension arthrokinematics

A

rotation and lateral flexion contralaterally

41
Q

upper ribs motion during respiration

A

pump handle
- elevation increase the A-P diameter of the thorax

42
Q

lower ribs motion during respiration

A

bucket handle

43
Q

normal inspiration muscles

A
  • diaphragm
  • external intercostals
  • levatores costarium
44
Q

accessory inspiratory muscles

A
  • SCM
  • Scalens
  • Pec major and minor
  • serratus anterior
  • latissimus dorsi
  • serratus posterior superior
  • iliocostalis cervicis
45
Q

What muscles are apart of the erector spinae muscle group?

A
  • spinalis thoracic
  • longissimus thoracis
  • iliocostalis thoracis

I like Standing Muscles

46
Q

muscles in spinotransverse group

A
  • rotatores thoracis
  • multifidus
  • semispinalis thoracis
47
Q

normal curve of thoracic spine

A
  • Kyphosis
  • 20-40 deg

msk 3 (13 decks)

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