Thoracic iRA/tRA

Question 1

Which thoracic vertebrae is heart shaped?

Answer 1

4th

Question 2

Where is the center of mass in the thoracic vertebrae?

Answer 2

anterior to thoracic kyphosis - predisposes vertebra to compression fractures as well as waisted cylinders

Question 3

thoracic transverse processes ______ as we move caudally

Answer 3

shorten

Question 4

spinous process project ______ and overlap vertebra ____

Answer 4

caudally, vertebra 5-8

Question 5

What has a deep inferior notch and a shallow superior notch?

Answer 5

pedicles

Question 6

pedicles increase in ______ caudally

Answer 6

thickness

Question 7

what is the shape of the spinal foramen in thoracic vertebrae?

Answer 7

small and circular

Question 8

at what level are the transverse processes

Answer 8

at the level of the spinous process

Question 9

Which ribs are true ribs? Where do they articulate?

Answer 9

1-7
- articulate with sternum

Question 10

Which ribs are false ribs? Where do they articulate?

Answer 10

8-10 - typically join superjacent costal cartilage

Question 11

Which ribs are floating ribs?

Answer 11

11-12
- sometimes rib 10 is a floating rib

Question 12

T1 variences

Answer 12

facets for articulation with whole facets of the first rib & an inferior facet for articulation with part of the 2nd rib

Question 13

T9 variences

Answer 13

often fails to articulate with the 10th ribs- inferior costal facets are absent

Question 14

T10 variences

Answer 14

superior costal facets only, as the only costal articulation is with the 10th ribs

Question 15

T11 variences

Answer 15

costal facet close to the upper border of the body and extend onto the pedicles

Question 16

Which vertebra has no articular facets on transverse processes

Answer 16

T11

Question 17

T12 variences

Answer 17

circular facet on body (articulates with head of rib 12)
- transverse process replaced by superior, lateral, and inferior

Question 18

orientation of superior articular processes of z-joints

Answer 18

face posteriorly and slightly superiolaterally

Question 19

orientation of inferior articular processes of z-joints

Answer 19

face anterior and slightly inferiomedially

Question 20

innervation of z-joint referral patterns

Answer 20

medial branch of dorsal rami

Question 21

Ribs _____ articulates with superior and inferior bodies of joints of the costal heads

Answer 21

2-9

Question 22

What ligament unites the front of the head of a rib with the bodies of the two vertebrae and the intervertebral disc between them?

Answer 22

radiate ligament

Question 23

What is a thick, strong, flat, quadrilateral ligament that is on inferior border of transverse process to superior border of neck of underlying rib?

Answer 23

superior costotransverse ligament

Question 24

innervation of costotransverse referral patterns

Answer 24

lateral branch of dorsal rami

Question 25

What ligament blends with the tectoral membrane and spans from posterior body to C2 to sacrum?

Answer 25

posterior longitudinal ligament

Question 26

What ligament spans anterior spine, blending with anterior bodies and anulus/end plates?

Answer 26

anterior longitudinal ligaments

Question 27

What ligament attaches to adjacent laminae?

Answer 27

ligamenta flava

Question 28

IV discs of spine are thinnest in _____ T-spine?

Answer 28

upper

Question 29

rib 1 joint type

Answer 29

synarthrosis

Question 30

ribs 2-7 joint type

Answer 30

synovial joints

Question 31

ribs 8-10 joint types

Answer 31

interchondral joints

Question 32

_______ motion increases as you move caudally

Answer 32

flexion

Question 33

What motion is more in upper and mid compared to lower T-spine?

Answer 33

rotation

Question 34

Why is T-spine motion limited?

Answer 34

to reduce interference with respiration

Question 35

During extension, the upper vertebra tilts _______

Answer 35

posteriorly

Question 36

What limits t-spine extension

Answer 36

impact of articular process and spinous processes

Question 37

facet joint motion during flexion - where is the tensile load during flexion?

Answer 37

superior facets glide superior and anterior - posterior annulus has tensile load

Question 38

What checks lateral flexion?

Answer 38

resistance from ribs and sternum

Question 39

t-spine flexion arthrokinematics

Answer 39

rotation and lateral flexion ipsilaterally

Question 40

t-spine extension arthrokinematics

Answer 40

rotation and lateral flexion contralaterally

Question 41

upper ribs motion during respiration

Answer 41

pump handle - elevation increase the A-P diameter of the thorax

Question 42

lower ribs motion during respiration

Answer 42

bucket handle

Question 43

normal inspiration muscles

Answer 43

- diaphragm - external intercostals - levatores costarium

Question 44

accessory inspiratory muscles

Answer 44

- SCM - Scalens - Pec major and minor - serratus anterior - latissimus dorsi - serratus posterior superior - iliocostalis cervicis

Question 45

What muscles are apart of the erector spinae muscle group?

Answer 45

- spinalis thoracic - longissimus thoracis - iliocostalis thoracis I like Standing Muscles

Question 46

muscles in spinotransverse group

Answer 46

- rotatores thoracis - multifidus - semispinalis thoracis

Question 47

normal curve of thoracic spine

Answer 47

- Kyphosis - 20-40 deg