Thoracic Region

Question 1

What features will allow discrimination between T2-T4 and T5-T8 segmental groups?

Answer 1

Vertebral Body
Transverse Process
Articular Process
Spinous Process

Question 2

What is the outline of the vertebral body of a typical thoracic from superior view?

Answer 2

Triangular

Question 3

On cranial view, what is the outline of the vertebral body for the T5-T8 group?

Answer 3

Left side of vertebral body will be flattened

Right side will be convex

Question 4

What is the name given to the L side appearance of the vertebral body of T5-T8?

Answer 4

Aortic Impression

Question 5

What part of the vertebral body is most influenced by the aorta at T5-T8?

Answer 5

The L side superior and inferior epiphyseal rims

Question 6

What is the height pattern of the typical thoracic vertebral body?

Answer 6

The posterior height is greater than the anterior height by 1-2 mm.

Question 7

What is the height pattern of intervertebral discs in the typical thoracic region?

Answer 7

The intervertebral disc are rather planar or flat with no apparent height difference between anterior and posterior heights

Question 8

What is the principal cause of the posterior curve of the thoracic spine?

Answer 8

Vertebral body height differences

Question 9

What is another way of naming a posterior curve pattern?

Answer 9

Kyphotic Curve

Question 10

What joint classifications are identified at the vertebral body of a typical thoracic?

Answer 10

Fibrous (amphiarthrosis) Syndesmosis
Cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) Symphysis
Synovial Plane (diarthrosis arthrodia)

Question 11

How many synovial joints are formed at the vertebral body of a typical thoracic?

Answer 11

Four

Question 12

How many symphysis joints are formed with the vertebral body of a typical thoracic?

Answer 12

Two

Question 13

How many syndesmosis joints are formed at the vertebral body of a typical thoracic?

Answer 13

Typically 4

8 if costocentral stellate/radiate ligaments included

Question 14

How many joints are formed at the vertebral body of a typical thoracic?

Answer 14

Typically 10

14 if costocental stellate/radiate ligaments included

Question 15

What is the name given to the joint formed between the vertebral body and rib?

Answer 15

Costocentral Joint

Question 16

How many costocentral joints are formed at the vertebral body of a typical thoracic?

Answer 16

4

Question 17

Which of the demi-facets on the vertebral body of a typical thoracic is larger?

Answer 17

The superior costal demi-facet

Question 18

What feature will provide assistance in maintaining the stability of the intervertebral foramen in the typical thoracics?

Answer 18

The costocentral joint or Ribs

Question 19

What ligaments support the costocentral joint?

Answer 19

Costocentral stellate/radiate ligament

Costocentral interarticular/intra-articular ligament

Question 20

What does the costocentral intra-articular or interarticular ligament connect to?

Answer 20

Interarticular or Intra-articular crest of head of the rib

Intervertebral Disc

Question 21

What is the size relationship between the articulating surface of the head of the rib and the costal demo-facet surface?

Answer 21

The rib surface is greater than the costal demi-facet surface

Question 22

Which muscle is attached to the vertebral body of T2-T3?

Answer 22

Longus Colli

Question 23

What is the position and direction of the pedicle from the typical thoracic vertebral body?

Answer 23

Pedicle arises from the upper third of the vertebral body and projects posterior and slightly lateral

Question 24

What is the angulation of the pedicle in the typical thoracic region?

Answer 24

10-15 degrees posterolateral from sagittal plane

Question 25

Which x-ray view is used to see into the TVF of a typical thoracic?

Answer 25

Lateral View

Question 26

What is overlap of the lamina called in the typical thoracic region?

Answer 26

Shingling

Question 27

What is the outline of the vertebral foramen in the typical thoracic region?

Answer 27

Oval to Circular

Question 28

In which plane will the size of the vertebral foramen of a typical thoracic be greatest?

Answer 28

Transverse plane | Vertebral transverse diameter

Question 29

What are the osseous parts of the costotransverse joint?

Answer 29

Transverse costal facet | Articular surface of the tubercle of a rib

Question 30

What ligaments support the costotransverse joint of a typical thoracic?

Answer 30

Superior costotransverse ligament Inferior costotransverse ligament Lateral costotransverse ligament

Question 31

What muscles may attach to the transverse process of a typical thoracic?

Answer 31

``` Longissimus Thoracis, Cervicis, Capitis Semispinalis Thoracis, Cervicis, Capitis Multifidus Rotator Longus, Brevis Intertransversarii Levator Costarum Longus, Brevis ```

Question 32

How can you distinguish between T2-T4 from T5-T8 segment using the articular process on T2-T4?

Answer 32

T2-T4: Width between superior articular process is greater than width between inferior articular process of that vertebrae.

Question 33

How can you distinguish between T2-T4 from T5-T8 segment using the articular process on T5-T8?

Answer 33

T5-T8: Width between superior articular process is equal to or the same as the width between inferior articular process of that vertebra

Question 34

What is the orientation of the superior articular facet of a typical thoracic?

Answer 34

Backward Upward Lateral (BUL)

Question 35

What is the orientation of the inferior articular facet of a typical thoracic?

Answer 35

Forward Downward Medial (ForMeD)

Question 36

How many synovial joints are present at a typical thoracic?

Answer 36

10

Question 37

How many synovial joint surfaces for ribs are present on a typical thoracic?

Answer 37

6

Question 38

Identify the synovial joint surfaces for the ribs that are present on a typical thoracic?

Answer 38

2 Superior costal demi-facets 2 Inferior costal demi-facets 2 Transverse costal facets

Question 39

What is the name given to the overlap of spinous processes in the thoracic region?

Answer 39

Imbrication

Question 40

Imbrication will be more pronounced for what region of the thoracics?

Answer 40

T5-T8

Question 41

Which thoracic has the longest spinous process?

Answer 41

T8

Question 42

What is the angulation of the spinous process in the typical thoracic region?

Answer 42

T2-T4: undersurface of spinous process will angle up 40 degrees from horizontal plane T5-T8: undersurface of spinous process will angle up 60 degrees from horizontal plane

Question 43

What muscles may attach to spinous process of a typical thoracic?

Answer 43

``` Trapezius Latissimus Dorsi Rhomboid Major Serratus Posterior Superior Splenius Cervicis, Capitis Spinalis Thoracis, Cervicis, Capitis Semispinalis Thoracis Mutifidus Rotator Longus, Brevis Interspinalis ```