thoracic regional anatomy Flashcards Preview

LSS Anatomy of the Thorax > thoracic regional anatomy > Flashcards

Flashcards in thoracic regional anatomy Deck (30)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

purpose of lymphatic system

A

more fluid leaves blood capillaries than returns to them - uncompensated fluid movement from blood to the extracellular fluid would result in oedema and loss of blood volume - lymphatic vessels drain excess extracellular fluid back into the blood - ensure foreign particles come into contact with immune system

2
Q

what is the lymphatic system

A

network of tissues and organs consisting of lymph vessels, lymph nodes and lymph; includes tonsils, adenoids, spleen and thymus; 600-700 lymph nodes in humans; filter the lymph before it returns to the circulatory system

3
Q

lymph trunks

A

carry fluid

4
Q

lymph nodes

A

enlargements among channels; filter fluid; associated with brain

5
Q

thoracic duct

A

drains most of body

6
Q

drainage

A

return to neck; upper right quadrant drained separately to thoracic duct to same place but right side of neck; rest of body drained by thoracic duct to left side of neck

7
Q

lymphatic drainage

A

cell debris and products go into lymphatic capillaries, into lymph vessels (valves), filtered in node (lymphocytes and macrophages), into blood and vena cavae to heart

8
Q

anatomy of lymph node

A

lentil (unless infected it becomes larger), found along lymph vessels, contain lymphocytes and macrophages, act upon foreign bodies, drainage detectable in enlarged lymph nodes (armpit, groin, neck)

9
Q

enlarged lymph nodes

A

common infection, less common is cancers

10
Q

lymph fluid

A

clear and odourless in most vessels, opaque and milky from small intestine due to absorbed fats; contains white blood cells, pathogens, hormones, cell debris, fats, particulate matter, fluid from tissues

11
Q

movement

A

no pump so sporadic due to maintaned by action of adjacent structures (skeletal muscle and pulses in arteries); unidirectional as valves

12
Q

lymphatic cancer in breast

A

removal of lymph nodes, then breast

13
Q

lymphatics of thoracic wall

A

drained into nodes associated with internal thoracic arteries (parasternal), ribs (intercostal), diaphram (diaphragmatic) up to neck

14
Q

parasternal drainage

A

bronchomediastinal trunks

15
Q

upper intercostal drainage

A

bronchomediastinal trunks

16
Q

lower intercostal drainage

A

thoracic duct

17
Q

diaphragmatic drainage

A

brachiocephalic, aortic/lumbar

18
Q

superficial drainage

A

axillary or parasternal

19
Q

thoracic duct

A

back of chest wall; main channel draining most of body (abdomen, pelvis, perineum, lower limbs); begins at cisterna chyli; begins at L2 vertebral level; enters behind oesophagus through diaphragm; ascends on right of midline between aorta and azygous vein (superior mediastinum); crosses over onto left at T5 (between T7 and T4); empties into junction of left internal jugular vein and subclavian vein to form left braciocephalic vein

20
Q

lymphatics of lungs

A

tracheobroncial, bronchomediastinal

21
Q

tracheobroncial

A

around bronchi and trachea, from within lung through hilum, unite with vessels from parasternal and brachiocephalic nodes anterior to brachiocephalic veins, forming bronchomediastinal

22
Q

nodes in lungs

A

large congregation can change appearance of trachea - enlargement causes change in angle

23
Q

lymphatics of heart

A

follow coronary arteries, frain into brachiocephalic and tracheobroncial

24
Q

lymphatics of posterior mediastinum

A

nodes on aorta receive lymph from oesophagus, diaphragm, liver and pericardium; drain into thoracic duct and posterior mediastinal - spread across body

25
Q

lymphatic flow

A

flow is up to neck; majority via thoracic duct into junction of left internal jugular vein and left subclavian vein; right upper is junction of right internal jugular vein and right subclavian vein

26
Q

characteristics of lymph vessels

A

blind ended, thin walled, lined by endothelial cells, permeable to fluid, proteins, particles, cells, pass through lymph nodes at intervals, larger possess valves

27
Q

superficial lymphatics

A

follow superficial veins to lymph nodes in axillar, inguinal or cervical areas to drain into deep lymphatics

28
Q

deep lymphatics

A

follow main arteries, drain into venous system near formation of braciocephalic veins

29
Q

superficial lymphatic drainage

A

according to quadrants to axillar or inguinal nodes; head to cervical nodes below mandible, all drain into deep lymph nodes through deep fascia

30
Q

deep lymphatic drainage

A

from inguinal nodes: along path of iliac arteries to para-aortic; from intestines: to pre-aortic nodes anterior to aorta; all to collecting vessel via cisterna chyli to thoracic duct; drains into left brachioceophalic vein - only lymph from upper right quadrant straight to right brachiocephalic, not thoracic