Thorax 1: Body Cavities and Serous Membranes

Question 1

Name the muscles overlying the thoracic cage

Answer 1

Pectoralis major
Pectoralis minor
Latissimus dorsi
Serratus anterior

Question 2

What are the attachments of pectoralis major?

Answer 2

clavicle, costal cartilages and sternum to humerus (anterior lip of intertubercular groove)

Question 3

Movements of pectoralis major

Answer 3

shoulder flexion and adduction

Question 4

What are the attachments of Pectoralis minor?

Answer 4

Ribs 3,4 and 5 to coracoid process

Question 5

What is pectoralis minor a landmark for?

Answer 5

axillary artery and brachial plexus

Question 6

what is the function of pectoralis minor?

Answer 6

stabilises scapula

Question 7

name the attachments of lat dorsi

Answer 7

iliac crest, lower t and L spines to humerus (floor of intertubercular groove)

Question 8

movements of lat dorsi

Answer 8

shoulder extension and adduction

Question 9

attachments of serratus anterior

Answer 9

upper 8 ribs to medial border of the scapula

Question 10

movements of serratus anterior

Answer 10

scapular protraction and rotation in abduction

Question 11

Describe the breast tissue

Answer 11

glandular tissue in fibrofatty stroma

Question 12

how many breast ducts are there

Answer 12

16 converging on the nipple

Question 13

which blood vessels supply the breast

Answer 13

Axillary and internal thoracic arteries

Question 14

Which ribs do the breast relate to?

Answer 14

Ribs 2-6

Question 15

Describe Level 1 tumour spead

Answer 15

Anterior/pectoral group, lateral to pec minor

Question 16

Describe Level 2 tumour spread

Answer 16

Central group, deep to pec minor

Question 17

Describe Level 3 tumour spread

Answer 17

Apical group, medial to pec minor

Question 18

Aside from the lungs and heart, what structures lie within the boundaries of the rib cage?

Answer 18

Lung, stomach, spleen and kidneys

Question 19

Name the two movements of inhalation

Answer 19

Pump handle and bucket handle

Question 20

Describe pump handle movement

Answer 20

rib elevation pushes sternum out and up to increase thoracic anterior-posterior diameter

Question 21

describe bucket handle movement

Answer 21

rib eversion to increase lateral diameter of the throax

Question 22

what causes exhalation

Answer 22

Automatic, passive movement by elastic recoil of the lungs

Question 23

Name the borders of the thoracic inlet

Answer 23

T1, 1st rib and costal catilage and manubrium

Question 24

Name from anterior to posterior the vessels crossing the 1st rib

Answer 24

SC Vein, SC Artery and inferior trunk of the brachial plexus

Question 25

Name the nerves found passing through the thoracic inlet

Answer 25

Vagus, recurrent laryngeal and phrenic

Question 26

what is the function of the phrenic nerve

Answer 26

sole motor supply to the diaphragm

Question 27

Name the borders of the thoracic outlet

Answer 27

T12, ribs 11 and 12, costal margin and xiphoid process

Question 28

Name the 3 openings in the diapragm

Answer 28

Caval, oesophageal and aortic openings

Question 29

Name the level and contents of the caval opening

Answer 29

T8 inferior vena cava R phrenic nerve

Question 30

Name the level and contents of the oesophageal opening

Answer 30

T10 oesophagus vagal trunks left gastric vessels

Question 31

Name the level and contents of the aortic opening

Answer 31

T12 Aorta Azygous vein Thoracic duct

Question 32

Name the 4 corners of the heart

Answer 32

2nd L CC 3rd R CC 6th R CC L 5th interspace

Question 33

What divides the superior and inferior mediastinum

Answer 33

The plane between the sternal angle and 2nd CC and T4/5

Question 34

What lies directly behind the breastbone?

Answer 34

anterior mediastinum

Question 35

what are the divisions of the inferior mediastinum

Answer 35

middle and posterior mediastinum

Question 36

What is found in the anterior mediastinum

Answer 36

Thymus

Question 37

What is found in the superior mediastinum

Answer 37

Trachea and oesophagus aortic arch phrenic and vagus nerves SVC

Question 38

What vessels enter the SVC

Answer 38

L and R brachiocephalic and azygous vein

Question 39

What is found in the posterior mediastinum

Answer 39

Aorta oesophagus thoracic duct azygous veins