Thorax

Question 1

Thoracic Compartments

Answer 1

right pleural cavity, left pleural cavity, superior mediastinum, inferior mediastinum, diaphragm

Question 2

Thoracic wall components

Answer 2

skin, subcutaneous tissue, ribs, intercostal muscles

Question 3

thoracic wall functions

Answer 3

respiration, protection, and muscle attachment

Question 4

True Ribs

Answer 4

1st-7th, has direct cartilaginous connection to sternum

Question 5

False Ribs

Answer 5

8-10, indirect attachment to sternum through costal cartilage

Question 6

Floating Ribs

Answer 6

11-12, no sternum attachment

Question 7

Rib Structure

Answer 7

head of rib, neck of rib, body(shaft) of rib, costal tubercle, costal angle

Question 8

Costovertebral Joint

Answer 8

head of rib to vertebral body– plane

Question 9

Costotransverse Joint

Answer 9

costal tubercle to transverse process– plane

Question 10

sternocostal joint

Answer 10

sternum to costal cartilage– plane

Question 11

First Rib

Answer 11

scalene tubercle–grooves for the subclavian artery and subclavian vein

Question 12

Sternum Bony Landmarks

Answer 12

manubrium, jugular notch, clavicular notch,
body– sternal angel= 2nd costal notch, costal notches/ facets
xiphoid process

Question 13

External Intercostal muscles

Answer 13

attachment: superior-lateral to inferior-medial from rib to rib
function: elevate
innervated: intercostal nn.

Question 14

Internal and Innermost intercostal muscles

Answer 14

attachment: superior-medial to inferior-lateral from rib to rib
function: depress
innervated: intercostal nn.

Question 15

Costal Groove

Answer 15

runs between the innermost and internal intercostal muscles

supports neurovascular structure: intercostal artery, vein and nerve

Question 16

Transversus thoracis muscle

Answer 16

attachment: from posterior sternum to costal cartilages
action: depress ribs
innervation: intercostal nerves

Question 17

diaphragm

Answer 17

attachment: from xiphoid process, inner surface of the lower ribs and costal cartilages, lumbar vertebrae via the crura to the central tendon (inferior border of thorax)
action: inspiration/ inferior displacement
innervation: phrenic nerve (C3-5)

Question 18

Phrenic Nerve C3-5

Answer 18

function: sensory and postganglionic sympathetic innervation to pericardium and central tendon: motor and postganglionic sympathetic innervation to diaphragm

Question 19

Left Phrenic Nerve

Answer 19

passes anterior to the root of the left lung, lateral to pericardial sac, and passes lateral to the ascending aorta

Question 20

Right Phrenic Nerve

Answer 20

positioned lateral to the superior vena cava, lateral to the pericardial sace and passes anterior to the root of the right lung

Question 21

Azygus Vein

Answer 21

superios to the right main bronchus

Question 22

Parietal Lymph Nodes

Answer 22

parasternal
intercostal
diaphragmatic
posterior medistinal

Question 23

Visceral Lymph Nodes

Answer 23

drains into the left/right bronchomediastinal trunks
Pulmonary 
bronchopulmonary
tracheobronchial (superior and inferior)
paratracheal

Question 24

Medial/lateral dimension

Answer 24

inspiration: ribs elevate and move middle of shaft laterally
expiration: ribs depress and move middle of shaft medially

Question 25

anterior/ posterior dimension

Answer 25

inspiration: ribs elevate and move sternum upward and forward (pump handle) expiration: ribs depress and move sternum downward and backward

Question 26

Innervation Landmarks

Answer 26

T4=includes the nipple T6=includes skin over xiphoid T10=includes the umbilicus

Question 27

Thoracic Wall Innervation

Answer 27

``` intercostal nerves (T1-6)-- upper intercostal nerves thoracoabdominal nerves (T7-T11)-- lower intercostal nerves subcostal nerves (T12) ```

Question 28

Respiratory Movement

Answer 28

increase the volume of the thoracic cavity vertical dimension: depression of diaphragm med/lat, ant/post: elevation of ribs

Question 29

Cisterna Chyli

Answer 29

function: receives lymph from preaortic and retroaortic lymph nodes and lower extremities (via left and right lumbar trunks) and provides origin to thoracic duct

Question 30

Thoracic Duct

Answer 30

function: drain nodes of the right and left lower extremities, pelvis, abdomen, left thorax, left upper extremity, and left head and neck (via cisterna chyli, left jugular, left subclavian, and left bronchomediastinal trunks)

Question 31

Right Lymphatic Duct

Answer 31

function: drain nodes of the right thorax, right upper extremity, and right head and neck. forms: at union of right jugular, right subclavian, and right bronchomediastinal trunks

Question 32

Bronchomediastinal (right and left)

Answer 32

function: drain parasternal and thoracic visceral nodes

Question 33

Breast Lymph Nodes

Answer 33

parasternal: drian medial breast bilaterally inguinal: may drain inferior breast infraclavicular: may drain superio breast axillary: predominant drainage of breast apical axillary: drain superior breast and other axillary nodes

Question 34

Parasternal Lymph node

Answer 34

Type: parietal function: drain medial aspect of breast, upper abdominal wall, anterior pleura and part of liver into: R/L bronchomediastinal trunks

Question 35

intercostal lymph node

Answer 35

type: parietal function: drain lateral and posterior thoracic wall into: thoracic duct

Question 36

posterior mediastinal lymph node

Answer 36

typer: parietal function: drain pleura and esophagus into: thoracic duct

Question 37

diaphragmatic lymph node

Answer 37

type: parietal function: drain liver, pleura and diaphragm into: L/R parasternal

Question 38

Pulmonary Lymph node

Answer 38

type: visceral function: drain lung into: L/R bronchomediastinal trunk

Question 39

Bronchopulmonary Lymph node

Answer 39

type: visceral function: drain pulmonary nodes and bronchi into: L/R bronchomediastinal trunk

Question 40

Tracheobronchial lymph nodes

Answer 40

type: visceral function: drain bronchopulmonary and posterior mediastinal nodes, trachea and heart into: L/R bronchomediastinal trunk

Question 41

paratracheal lymph node

Answer 41

type: visceral function: drain tracheobronchial nodes into: L/R bronchomediastinal trunk