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Anatomy Part II > Thorax > Flashcards

Thorax Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three major divisions of the thorax

A

Mediastinum
Paired, Lateral pulmonary cavities

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2
Q

What is the function of the thorax

A

Protection for thoracic and abdominal contents

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3
Q

What is the junction between the manubrium and body called

A

Angle of Louis

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4
Q

What rib articulates with the angle of Louis

A

Second rib

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5
Q

What rib attaches to the xiphisternal joint

A

7th rib

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6
Q

What are true ribs

A

1-7 and attach to the sternum directly via their costal cartilages

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7
Q

What are false ribs

A

Ribs 8-10, they articulate via their distal cartilages to the next superior rib

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8
Q

What are floating ribs

A

11-12, end in abdominal musculature

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9
Q

What are costovertebral joints

A

Between heads of ribs and vertebral bodies

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10
Q

What are costotransverse joints

A

Between tubercles of ribs and transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae

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11
Q

What are costochondral joints

A

Between ribs and costal cartilage

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12
Q

What are sternocostal joints

A

Between costal cartilage and the sternum

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13
Q

T/f 1st coatocartilage is a synchondroses

A

True

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14
Q

What is superior thoracic aperture

A

Communicating passageway between the thorax and neck/ upper extremity

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15
Q

What are the boundaries of the superior thoracic aperture

A

Posteriorly: vertebra T1
Laterally: the 1st ribs and their costal cartilages
Anteriorly: the superior border of the manubrium

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16
Q

What structures pass through the superior thoracic aperture

A

Trachea
Esophagus
Nerves and vessels that supply/drain the head, neck, and upper extremity

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17
Q

What is the inferior thoracic aperture

A

The anatomical thoracic outlet

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18
Q

What are the boundaries of the inferior thoracic aperture

A

Posteriorly: T12 vertebra
Posterolaterally: the 11th and 12th pairs of ribs
Anterolaterally: the costal margins, made up of the costal cartilages 7-10
Anteriorly: the xiphisternal joint

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19
Q

Bc the diaphragm is domed, some abdominal viscera lie_________ to the plane of the inferior thoracic abdomen

A

Superior

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20
Q

What kind of muscles are the Pectoralis muscles

A

Thoracoappendicular muscles

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21
Q

How do the external intercostal muscles run

A

Inferoanteriorly

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22
Q

What is the action of external intercostal muscles

A

Inspiration and elevating the ribs

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23
Q

The externalintercostals are continuous with what

A

External oblique muscles

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24
Q

What is the action of the internal intercostals

A

Expiration

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25
Q

What are the innermost intercostals and what travel between the,

A

The deepest muscles
The intercostal nerves and vessels travel between them

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26
Q

What is the action of transverse thoracic muscles

A

Expiration and Proprioception

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27
Q

Where do the subcostal muscles run

A

Ribs 2-3
They depress the ribs

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28
Q

What is the primary muscle of inspiration

A

Diaphragm

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29
Q

What arteries and veins travel on the side of the sternum

A

Internal thoracic arteries and veins

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30
Q

What supplies the first 6 intercostal spaces

A

Anterior intercostal arteries

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31
Q

What are then2 divisions of internal thoracic artery

A

Musculophrenic
Superior epigastric

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32
Q

The longitudinal increase during inspiration is due to what

A

The descent of the diaphragm

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33
Q

The costotransverse joints are planar at the more inferior levels

A

True

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34
Q

Medial to lateral = bucket handle
Anterior to posterior increases = pump handle

A

True

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35
Q

What does the pulmonary cavity contain

A

Lungs and pleura

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36
Q

What separates the two pulmonary cavities and contains all thoaracic structures

A

Mediastinum

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37
Q

What is the endothoracic Fascia

A

Lines the entire thoracic wall superficial to the double layered pleura

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38
Q

Where does the endothoracic fascia attach

A

The parietal pleura from the inferior aspect of the lungs to the diaphragm

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39
Q

What are the pleural layers of the pulmonary cavity

A

Parietal
Visceral

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40
Q

The visceral and parietal pleura are continuous with each other and represent what of the lung

A

The hilum

41
Q

How many lobes are on the right lung

A

3: superior inferior middle

42
Q

What are the two fissures that separate the lobes on the right lung

A

Oblique fissure
Horizontal fissure

43
Q

What is the pleural sleeve

A

The reflection of pleura where all tubular structures enter/exit the lung

44
Q

What is the root of the lung

A

The actual structures passing into and out of the lung at the hilum

45
Q

What are the root structures

A

Main bronchus
Pulmonary artery
Superior and inferior pulmonary veins

46
Q

What is the pulmonary ligament

A

A double layered pleural structure continuous with the sleeve, but inferior to the root

47
Q

How many lobes are on the left lung

A

2 lobes: superior and inferior

48
Q

What separates the two lobes In the left lung

A

Oblique fissure

49
Q

What is the lingula

A

Inferior, anterior projection of the superior lobe that tucks around the apex of the heart

50
Q

What is the cardiac notch

A

Formed on the anterior border of the lung since the apex of the heart occupies this area

51
Q

What impressions are seen on the left lung

A

Cardiac
Groove for aortic arch
Groove for descending arch
Impression of common carotid and left subclavian arteries

52
Q

Where does the trachea begin?

A

At cricoidcartilage, and terminates into the right, and left main brachii at the level of the sternal angle of Louis at the second rib.

53
Q

What does the secondary bronchi supply?

A

Lobe of the lung two on the left and three on the right

54
Q

What does the mediastinum include?

A

All thoracic viscera excluding the lungs

55
Q

Why is the mediastinum Highy mobile?

A

Air movement food and liquid movement blood vessel, transmitting blood

56
Q

What is the transverse thoracic plane?

A

Horizontal plane, running from the sternal angle anteriorly to the T4-T5 IV disc

57
Q

What is superior to the transverse thoracic plane

A

Superior mediastinum

58
Q

What is inferior to the transverse thoracis plane?

A

Inferior mediastinum

59
Q

What is the pericardium in

A

Middle mediastinum

60
Q

What is the pericardium

A

Fibroserous membranes covering the heart that begins in the great vessels

61
Q

How many layers does the pericardium have

A

Two layers- and external fibrous pericardium and parietal layer of serous pericardium

62
Q

What does the fibrous pericardium blend with

A

Tunica adventitious of the grease vessels SUPERIORLY and the central tendon of the diaphragm inferiorly

63
Q

What does the parietal layer of serous pericardium become ?

A

Visceral layer of serous pericardium

64
Q

What innervates the middle mediastinum

A

Cardiac nerve plexus

65
Q

What is the cardiac nerve plexus

A

Lies on the inferior, anterior surface of the trachea. It consists of the autonomic fibers from the VAGUS N and from the sympathetic nerves

66
Q

What do the proximal parts of the aorta, SVC, and pulmonary trunk have

A

Interpericardial portions

67
Q

What nerve supplies general sense (pain) to the pericardium

A

Phrenic nerve

68
Q

Where does the pericardioohrenic artery branch off of

A

Internal thoracic artery

69
Q

What does the pericardiophrenic artery supply

A

Most of the blood to the pericardium

70
Q

The right side of the heart supplies what

A

The central circulation ti the lungs

71
Q

The left side of the lungs supples what

A

Peripheral structures of the body

72
Q

What are the valves function in the heart

A

Prevent back flow

73
Q

The base of the heart is superior and formed by what

A

Left atrium, but some of the right atrium

74
Q

The Apex of the heart is inferior and formed by

A

Inferolateral part of the left ventricle

75
Q

The left atrium and left ventricle outflow tract through what valve

A

Aortic valve and into the aorta

76
Q

What are the four surfaces of the heart

A

Anterior
Diaphragmatic
Right pulmonary
Left pulmonary

77
Q

What is the anterior surface if the heart

A

Sternocostal formed by the right ventricle

78
Q

What is the diaphragmatic surface formed by

A

Left ventricle

79
Q

What is the right pulmonary surface formed by

A

Right atrium

80
Q

What is left pulmonary surface formed by

A

Left ventricle

81
Q

What are the four borders of the heart

A

Right border
Inferior border
Left border
Superior border

82
Q

What is the right border of the heart

A

Right atrium between the SVC and IVC

83
Q

What is the inferior border of the heart

A

Right ventricle and a little of the left

84
Q

What is the left border of the heart

A

Left ventricle with a bit of the left auricle

85
Q

What is the superior border of the heart

A

Right and left atria and auricles

86
Q

What is in the right atrium

A

Auricle
Sinus venarum
Pectrinate muscles
Cristal terminalis
Fossa ovalis

87
Q

What is the pacemaker of the heart

A

Sinuatrial node located anterolateral to the junction of the SVC and right atrium

88
Q

What is in the right ventricle

A

Atrioventricular oriface with the tricuspid valve
Chordate tendinae
Moderator band
Trabeculae Carneae
Conus anteriosus
Pulmonic valve

89
Q

What is in the left atrium

A

Unseen, but Valveless entry of 4 pulmonary veins
Auricle with pectinate muscles
Valve of fossa ovalis
Opening into the left ventricle covered by the mitral valve

90
Q

What is in the left ventricle

A

Increased thickness of the ventricular walls
Mesh of trabeculae carneae
ConicL nature of the entire cavity
Anterior and posterior papillary muscles
Mitral (bicuspid) valve
Outflow part, the aortic vestibule

91
Q

What arteries does the blood flow of the heart come from

A

Coronary arteries

92
Q

The coronary arteries are the first branches of what

A

The aorta

93
Q

Where does the right coronary artery arise from and travel i n

A

Arise from right aortic sinus and travel in the coronary groove

94
Q

What does the right coronary artery give off branches to

A

SA node, right border of heart,
Posterior inter ventricular artery

95
Q

When is the heart right dominant

A

When the RCA gives off the posterior interventricular artery

96
Q

Where does the left coronary artery arise from

A

Left aortic sinus

97
Q

What does the left coronary artery divide into

A

anterior interventricular branch
Left circumflex

98
Q

T/f almost all the venous blood from the heart is returned to the R atrium via the coronary sinus which receives the great, middle, and small cardiac veins

A

True

99
Q

The anterior cardiac vein empties directly where

A

R atrium

Anatomy Part II (5 decks)

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