Thorax 4

Question 1

What are the sulci of the heart

Answer 1

1. Coronary sulcus (Atrioventricular groove)
2. Anterior interventricular sulcus/groove
3. Posterior interventricular sulcus/groove

Question 2

What does the coronary sulcus (atrioventricular groove) contain?

Answer 2

• Right coronary a.
• Left coronary a.
• Coronary sinus
• Circumflex a. (branch off left coronary a.)

Question 3

Contents of the anterior interventricular groove

Answer 3

• Anterior interventricular a.
• Great cardiac v.

Question 4

Contents of the posterior interventricular groove

Answer 4

• Posterior interventricular a.
• Middle cardiac v.

Question 5

Where does the right atrium receive blood from?

Answer 5

SVC, IVC, coronary sinus

Question 6

Where does right ventricle receive blood from?

Answer 6

Right atrium via triscuspid valve

Question 7

Where does right ventricle pump blood?

Answer 7

Systolic outflow to the pulmonary trunk (via pulmonary semilunar valve)

Question 8

What do the chordae tendinae do?

Answer 8

Attach papillary muscles to the tricuspid valve
- preventing prolapse

Question 9

What makes up the base of the heart?

Answer 9

Left atrium & pulmonary veins

Question 10

What is the rough myocardium of the right atrium and right & left auricles

Answer 10

Pectinate muscles

Question 11

What are the ridges in the right and left ventricular walls

Answer 11

trabeculae carnae

Question 12

Where does the left atrium receive blood from?

Answer 12

Pulmonary veins (2 left & 2 right)

Question 13

Where does the left ventricle receive blood from?

Answer 13

Left atrium via mitral (bicuspid) valve

Question 14

Where does left ventricle pump blood?

Answer 14

Aorta via aortic valve

Question 15

Boundaries of the pericardium

Answer 15

• Anterior - body of sternum
• Posterior - oesophagus & thoracic aorta
• Lateral - right & left lungs

Question 16

Which ventricle has thicker myocardium?

Answer 16

Left ventricle - pumps blood at higher pressures (supplies entire body)

Question 17

What are the layers of the pericardium?

Answer 17

Fibrous pericardium (only this will be pinned) - OUTERMOST

Serous pericardium:
- parietal serous
- visceral serous (or epicardium) - INNERMOST

Question 18

List the valves of the heart

Answer 18

• Tricuspid valve
• Bicuspid (Mitral) valve
• Pulmonary valve
• Aortic valve

Question 19

Branches of the left coronary a.

Answer 19

• Left circumflex a.
• Anterior interventricular a.

Question 20

Branches of right coronary a.

Answer 20

• Posterior interventricular a.
• Right marginal a.
• Sinoatrial (SA) nodal a.

Question 21

Cardiac/coronary veins

Answer 21

• Coronary sinus (drains small, middle & great cardiac veins
• Small cardiac v.
• Middle cardiac v.
• Great cardiac v.
• anterior cardiac veins (drain into Rt. ATRIUM NOT coronary sinus)

Question 22

Cardiac/coronary veins

Answer 22

• Coronary sinus (drains small, middle & great cardiac veins
• Small cardiac v.
• Middle cardiac v.
• Great cardiac v.
• anterior cardiac veins (drain into Rt. ATRIUM NOT coronary sinus)

Question 23

What is the wall between the 2 ventricles

Answer 23

Interventricular septum

Question 24

What is the wall between the 2 atria’s

Answer 24

Interatrial septum

Question 25

What is the red depression in the right atrium (cadaver)? and what condition is associated with it?

Answer 25

fossa ovalis - Atrial septal defect - foramen ovalis (foetus) fails to close (forming fossa ovalis) after birth

Question 26

What are the semilunar cusps of the pulmonary & aortic valves

Answer 26

- Pulmonary - anterior, right & left semilunar cusps - Aortic - right, left & posterior semilunar cusps

Question 27

When viewed superiorly (birds eye) what do semilunar cusps create?

Answer 27

**Sinuses** - i.e. left semilunar cusp of aortic valve = left aortic sinus - i.e. ant. semilunar cusp of pulmonary valves = ant. pulmonary sinus

Question 28

What does the left coronary a. supply?

Answer 28

- Most of left ventricle - Left atrium - Bundle of his - Anterior aspect of interventricular septum

Question 29

What does the right coronary a. supply?

Answer 29

- Right ventricle - Right atrium - Sinoatrial (SA)node - Atrioventricular (AV) node - Posterior aspect of interventricular septum

Question 30

List the surfaces of the heart

Answer 30

- Sternocostal surface - Diaphragmatic surface - Pulmonary surface

Question 31

Scenario: ECG shows that posterior cardiac wall myocardial ischemia (heart attack of the post. cardiac wall). What coronary artery is likely affected? What branch?

Answer 31

Right coronary a. - Posterior interventricular a. (posterior wall)

Question 32

Scenario: ECG shows that anterior cardiac wall myocardial ischemia (heart attack of the ant. cardiac wall). What coronary artery is likely affected? What branch?

Answer 32

Left coronary a. - Anterior interventricular a.

Question 33

Scenario: ECG shows that the left lateral cardiac wall myocardial ischemia (heart attack of the left lateral cardiac wall). What coronary artery is likely affected? What branch?

Answer 33

Left coronary a. - Left circumflex a.

Question 34

The pericardial cavity is a gap between ____

Answer 34

Parietal serous pericardium and epicardium (visceral serous pericardium)

Question 35

Where does coronary sinus drain into?

Answer 35

Right atrium **NOT IVC**

Question 36

WHere is fossa ovalis

Answer 36

Right atrium - hence atrial septal defect

Question 37

Pectinate mm. vs trabeculae carnae

Answer 37

Pectinate = atrium + auricles Trabeculae carnae = ventricles

Question 38

Where do the left and right coronary arteries originate from?

Answer 38

Left and right aortic sinuses