Thorax

Question 1

What structures pass through the superior thoracic aperture?

Answer 1

Common carotid artery 
Internal jugular vein 
Oesophagus 
Subclavian artery and vein
Trachea 
Apex of lungs

Question 2

What borders the super aperture of the thoracic cavity?

Answer 2

t1
First rib
Superior aspect of manubrium

Question 3

What is at the vertebral level of T3?

Answer 3

Sternum
Jugular notch
Medial aspect of clavicle
spine of scapula meets medial border

Question 4

What is at the vertebral level of T4/5?

Answer 4

Sternal Angle
Bronchial Arteries
Bifurcation of Trachea

Question 5

What is at the vertebral level of T6/7?

Answer 5

Inferior Border of Scapula

T6 for females, T7 for males

Question 6

Where does the oblique fissure of the right lung start and end?

Answer 6

T2 - 6th rib

Question 7

Where does the horizontal fissure of the right lung start and end

Answer 7

Oblique fissure - 4th rib

Question 8

What is at the vertebral level of T9/10?

Answer 8

Xiphisternal Joint

Question 9

During expiration the summit of the left dome sits at which vertebral level?

Answer 9

T10

Question 10

During expiration the summit of the right dome sits at which vertebral level?

Answer 10

T9

Question 11

During inspiration the summit of the left dome sits at which vertebral level?

Answer 11

T12

Question 12

During inspiration the summit of the right dome sits at which vertebral level?

Answer 12

T11

Question 13

The summit of the left dome is at which intercostal space?

Answer 13

5th intercostal space

Question 14

The summit of the right dome is at which intercostal space?

Answer 14

4th intercostal space

Question 15

What are the blood vessels of the thoracic wall?

Answer 15

Internal thoracic arteries
Anterior intercostal arteries
Posterior intercostal arteries

Question 16

What percentage of the intercostal space is covered by the posterior intercostal arteries (L&R)

Answer 16

75%

Question 17

What is the origin of the posterior intercostal arteries?

Answer 17

aorta

Question 18

What are the names of the thoracic veins in the thoracic wall?

Answer 18

internal thoracic vein
anterior intercostal vein
posterior intercostal vein
azygos vein
hemiazygos vein
accessory hemiazygos vein

Question 19

What intercostal spaces does the accessory hemiazygos vein drain?

Answer 19

4th to 8th

Question 20

What intercostal spaces does the hemiazygos vein drain?

Answer 20

9th to 11th

Question 21

How does the Azygos Vein run along the vertebral and what does it drain?

Answer 21

the right sided tributry veins of the left side drain into the hemiazygos and accessory hemiazygos veins

Question 22

define the body of the breast?

Answer 22

the base of the breast and apex

Question 23

What is the exillary tail?

Answer 23

extension of the base towards and into axilla; formed by glandular tissue

Question 24

What is the retromammary space?

Answer 24

loose connective tissue between breast and deep pectoral fascia

Question 25

What is each lobe drained by?

Answer 25

lactiferous duct

Question 26

What does each lobe contain?

Answer 26

numerous lobules, branches and sub-branches of a major lactiferous duct

Question 27

What is each lobe separated by?

Answer 27

Adipose tissue

Question 28

What are the structures contained in the mammary glands?

Answer 28

Alveoli of lobules, lactiferous ducts, lactiferous sinuses

Question 29

What are the the suspensory ligaments of the female breast?

Answer 29

Fibrous CT bands attaching between skin and deep fascia of pectoralis major

Question 30

Where are the suspensory ligaments more dense?

Answer 30

Superior

Question 31

What three structures does the thoracic diaphragm consist of?

Answer 31

Left and right domes and the central tendon

Question 32

What things can cause variation in the levels in the summit levels of the left and right domes? (diaphragm)

Answer 32

Respiration, body fluid, posture, age, abdominal contents and pregnancy

Question 33

What is the right crus of the diaphragm?

Answer 33

L1-L3, oesphageal

Question 34

Where is the left Crus of the diaphragm?

Answer 34

L1-L2

Question 35

What are the major openings of thoracic diaphragm where are they located, and which nerves/structures pass through?

Answer 35

Caval foramen -T8/9- branches of phrenic nerves oesphageal hiatus- T10- vagus nerves Aortic hiatus- T/12- thoracic duct, inferior lymphatic trunks, azygos & hemiazygos

Question 36

What is responsible for the innervation of thoracic diaphragm?

Answer 36

Phrenic nerves | intercostal nerves