Flashcards in Thorax Deck (35)
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1
Which bones make up the pectoral girdle?
Clavicle
Scapula
2
Which are the "true" ribs and how do they connect to eh anterior rib cage?
Ribs 1-7, connect via their own cartilage
3
Which are the "false" ribs and how do they connect to the anterior rib cage?
8-10, connect via the cartilage of rib above (7)
4
Which are the floating ribs?
10-12
5
Antero-lateral rib cage; refers to anterior/inferior border of the "connected" rib cage
Costal Margin
6
What joints are found in the thoracic cavity?
Intervertebral Joints (2 kinds)
Costovertebral joints
7
Compare the two kinds of intervertebral joints
1. Cartilaginous joints between vertebral bodies. Held in place by longitudinal ligaments and intervertebral discs
2. Synovial joints, at the junction of the lamina and pedicle
8
Name the two longest longitudinal ligaments and were they are located
Anterior longitudinal ligament
*located anterior surface of vertebral bodies
Posterior longitudinal ligament
*located on posterior-most surface of the vertebral bodies
9
How do the ribs articulate with the vertebrae
At two places:
1. Rib tubercle articulates with spinous process
*this is also where the rib # and vertebra # match up
2. Rib head articulates at the vertebral bodies, between two.
10
How do the ribs articulate anteriorly, with the manubrium and sternal body
Via costochondral joints (between rib and costal cartilage)
11
Where might one find a "gliding synovial joint"?
Joints of the false ribs
12
From what artery do most of the posterior intercostal arteries branch?
Aorta
13
Where might one find the Costal Groove - and what's in there?
Inferior / inTERIOR portion of a rib
Vein
Artery (posterior intercostal artery)
Nerve (intervostal neurovascular bundle)
14
What is the primary blood source for the anterior intercostal arteries?
Internal Thoracic Artery (IMA)
15
Where do thoracic wall veins drain?
Posteriorly - eventual to Azygous Venous System
16
Describe drainage path from the R and L intercostal veins
R intercostal > Azygous Vein > Superior Vena Cava
L intercostal > Hemiazygous Veins > Azygous Vein > Superior Vena Cava
17
What medical conditions can cause enlargement of the azygous system?
Anything that results in poor venous return
1. Obstructed Superior Vena Cava
2. Right heart failure
3. Liver problems (cirrhosis, portal hypertension)
18
What facilitates the movement of the thoracic wall on inspiration?
Decreased Intra-abdominal volume on inspiration - facilitated by the diaphragm
19
What facilitates expiration?
"Recoil" of the diaphragm and the compressed abdominal contents
20
Which muscles, other than Scalenes and SCM can act as accessory muscles of respiration?
1. Serratus anterior
2. Pectoralis minor
21
Where are the origins of the diaphragm?
At its circumferential lateral aspects:
Xyphoid
Costal Cartilages of ribs 5-10
Vertebral bodies L1-L3
22
Where does the diaphragm insert?
on its Central Tendon - anterior-middle of the dome
23
3 holes/hiatuses of the diaphragm
Vena Cava Foramen
Esophageal Hiatus
Aortic Hiatus
24
_____ fibers extend downwards and forwards and _____ fibers extend downwards and backwards
External intercostal
Internal intercostal
25
Where does the phrenic nerve originate?
Cervical Plexus, C3-C5
Travels downwards between lung and heart
26
The phrenic nerve can be located in the neck, traveling just anterior to ____
the anterior scalene muscle
27
What kind of nerve fibers does the phrenic nerve carry?
Sensory
Somatic Motor
Sympathetic
28
Where might referred pain from the diaphragm manifest?
Anywhere C3-C5 enervates
Lower neck, shoulders, lateral aspects of arms
29
Where, in relation to the vertebra, do T1-T12 spinal nerves emerge?
Just INFERIOR to the vertebra with the same number
30
What kind of fibers do spinal nerves carry?
Sensory
Motor
Sympathetic
31
Which of the thoracic rami eventually runs within the costal groove?
Ventral Ramus!
*(MOTOR)*
32
Which roots, dorsal or ventral, are sensory? Which are motor?
Dorsal are Sensory
Ventral are Motor
33
What makes up the sympathetic trunk/
Ganglia (cell bodies) and axons
34
Preganglionic sympathetic fibers - white or gray?
WHITE
35
