Thorax

Question 1

Where does the trachea bifurcate ?

Answer 1

T4

Question 2

Where does the respiratory diverticulum arise?

Answer 2

Forgut - endoderm

Question 3

When are Type I and type II pneumocytes formed?

Answer 3

25th week

Question 4

What brings the cardiac tube together?

Answer 4

Lateral folding

Question 5

How does the heart migrate to the thoracic region?

Answer 5

by head to tail body folding

Question 6

What does the right sinus venosus give rise to?

Answer 6

Sinus centrum - right atrium

Question 7

What does the left sinus venous give rise to ?

Answer 7

coronary sinus & veins

Question 8

What are the postnatal remnants?

Answer 8

Umbilical vein–> ligamentum teres of liver
Formen ovale–> fossa ovalis
Ductus arteriosus-> ligamentum arteriosum
umbilical arteries–>medial umbilical ligaments

Question 9

When is the heart complete in formation?

Answer 9

8th week

Question 10

What type of murmur is heard with a PDA?

Answer 10

machine like

Question 11

What can give rise to PDA?

Answer 11

premature babies

rubella infections

Question 12

What is the defect that occurs with coarctation?

Answer 12

Turner syndrome

Question 13

What is distinguishable with a post ductal coarctation?

Answer 13

costal notching

Question 14

What are the characteristics of tetralogy of fallout ?

Answer 14

1. Pulmonary stenosis
2. RV hypertrophy
3. VSD
4. Overriding Aorta

Question 15

What is the congenital heart defect in diabetic mothers?

Answer 15

Transposition of the great arteries

Question 16

What is a persistent trunks arteriosus associated with ?

Answer 16

DiGeorge syndrome

Question 17

What allows transposition of the arteries to survive?

Answer 17

VSD or ASD

Question 18

What nerve crosses over the heart ?

Answer 18

Phrenic nerve

Question 19

What part of the heart is located above the 3 rib ?

Answer 19

Superior Vena cava

Question 20

What would be puncture on the ride side of the sternum ?

Answer 20

Right atrium

Question 21

What is the border of the right atrium?

Answer 21

3rd rib to 6th rib

Question 22

What would be punctured midline between 3, 4, 5 intercostal space ?

Answer 22

Right ventricle

Question 23

What is located at the 2nd rib on the left sternal border ?

Answer 23

Left atrium

Question 24

Where is the apex of the heart located ?

Answer 24

5th intercostal space

Question 25

What determines heart dominance ?

Answer 25

the origin of the Posterior descending artery

Question 26

What is border of the superior mediastinum?

Answer 26

above T4

Question 27

What the contents of the superior mediastinum?

Answer 27

``` arch of the aorta brachiocephalic veins SVC trachea & esophagus Phrenic & vagus nerves ```

Question 28

What is the border of the middle mediastinum?

Answer 28

below T4 to T8

Question 29

What is located in the middle mediastinum

Answer 29

heart great vessels pericardium

Question 30

What is located in the posterior mediastinum?

Answer 30

descending aorta esophagus thoracic duct azygous veing

Question 31

Wheat is the located of the posterior mediastinum ?

Answer 31

T8

Question 32

What is the order from ventral to dorsal of superior mediastinum contents?

Answer 32

1. sternum 2. thymus 3. brachiocephalic veins 4. Aortic rah and branches 5. Trachea 6. Esophagus 7. Vertebra

Question 33

Where does the esophagus, Thoracic aorta and the thoracic duct enter the diaphragm?

Answer 33

esophagus- T10 thoracic Aorta- T12 thoracic duct -T12

Question 34

At what location do you locate the bulls eye on heart CT?

Answer 34

T6