Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

CS6 > Thorax & Abdomen > Flashcards

Thorax & Abdomen Flashcards

(40 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What are the dermatomes for the back and abdomen

A

Cebra position starting at T2 under clavicle

T5 nipples

T8 inferior angle scapula

T9 umbilicus

T12 ASIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the cutaneous nerve supply to the Abdomen?

A
  1. Supraclavicular N. - above clavicle
  2. Anterior cutaneous Intercostal N - anterior chest & abs
  3. Lateral cutaneous Intercostal N - lateral chest to hip
  4. Illiohypogastric
    • Lateral cutaneus - above illiac crest
    • Anterior cutaneus - top bikini line
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the musculoskeletal common conditions affecting the trunk?

A
  • •Muscle strains
  • •Referred neck pain
  • •Scheuermann’s Disease
  • •Rib #
  • •Vertebral #
  • •Thoracic discogenic pain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the pain referral pattern from a CT/ CV sprain?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the Cx disc pain referral pattern to the Tx

A

Medial border of the scapula and upper traps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is Scheuermann’s disease?

A
  • •Characterised by vertebral endplate irregularities of 3+ adjacent vertebral bodies
    • Usually in the Tx spine, but can also affect T/L junction
  • Aetiology:
    • Poorly understood - Hereditary component?
    • Abnormal vertebral endplate ossification
    • Disproportionate vertebral body growth resulting in anterior wedging
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the clinical presentation of Scheuerman’s disease?

A
  • •Most commonly diagnosed age 12-17
  • •M:F ratio - 2:1
  • •Subacute thoracic pain, no inciting event
  • •Agg. by activity, rel. with rest
  • •Some cases asymptomatic
  • •Increasing thoracic kyphosis
  • •Cervical &/or Lumbar hyperlordosis; +/- Scoliosis
  • •Tight hamstrings
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the management for Scheuermann’s?

A

lifestyle modification

bracing

surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Serious Trunk disorders not to be missed

A
  1. Cardiovascular
    • •Angina
    • •Myocardial infarction
    • •Aortic dissection
  2. Neoplasia
    • •Most common malignancies that metastasise to the spine?
    • •Primary tumours that develop in the spine?
  3. Severe infections
  4. •Osteomyelitis, tuberculosis
  5. Pneumothorax
    • traumatic (iatrogenic) pneumothorax
    • primary (no underlying condition)
    • secondary (lung disease)
  6. Osteoporosis
    • Primary (age and menopause)
    • Secondary (disease or condition)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the pharmacological management for osteoporosis?

A

hormone replacement therapies

antiresorptive drugs (target osteoblast to prevent calcium breakdown)

Monoclonal antibody therapy (inhibits sclerostin to increase bone formation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the red flags for thoracic pain?

A
  1. FRACTURE POINTER
    • •Major trauma
    • •Minor trauma:
    • •Osteoporosis
    • •Female >50 years
    • •Male > 60 years
  2. MALIGNANCY POINTER
    • •Age >50
    • •Past history of malignancy
    • •Unexplained weight loss, fever, malaise
    • •Pain at rest, Constant pain, Night pain
    • •Unresponsive to treatment
  3. OTHER SERIOUS CONDITIONS
    • •Chest pain/heaviness
    • •Shortness of breath, cough
  4. INFECTION POINTER
    • •Fever
    • •Night sweats
    • •Risk factors for infection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Other thoracic conditions often missed

A

Gastrointestinal

  • Gord
  • gastritis
  • reflux
  • oesophageal pain
  • gastric ulcers

Costochondritis

Rheumatological

  • •Spondyloarthropathies
  • •Fibromyalgia
  • Polymyalgia rheumatica
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the red flags for abdominal pain ?

A
  • •Fever
  • •Collapse at toilet
  • •Ischaemic heat disease
  • •Pallor and sweating
  • •Progressive vomiting, pain, distension•
  • •Menstrual abnormalities
  • •Atrial fibrillation
  • •Rebound tenderness & guarding
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the common acute abdominal pain conditions?

A

ACUTE ABDOMINAL PAIN

  • •Acute gastroenteritis
  • •Acute appendicitis
  • •Painful ovulation/dysmenorrhoea
  • •Irritable bowel syndrome
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the common chronic abdominal pain conditions?

A

CHRONIC ABDOMINAL PAIN

  • •Irritable bowel syndrome
  • •Painful ovulation/dysmenorrhea
  • •Peptic ulcer/gastritis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What causes acute gastritis?

A

Salmonela

e.coli

H.pilori

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How to manage gastritis?

Study These Flashcards
A

Hydrolites

allow for diarrhea to take its course

24-72h before going back to work

prevent transmission of gastro

hand sanitation

18
Q

What causes appendicitis

Study These Flashcards
A

Fecalite - poo stone

foreign object

19
Q

what is the clinical presentation of appendicitis

Study These Flashcards
A

rebound tendernes RLQ

hop

Mc. Burney’s point

fever chills

nausea

20
Q

What is the management of appendicitis

Study These Flashcards
A

surgical removal

21
Q

what are the causes of peptic ulcer?

Study These Flashcards
A

h.pylori

alcohol

Nsaid

smoking

22
Q

What is the clinical presentation of peptic ulcer?

Study These Flashcards
A

Pain aggravated/ relieved by eating

dyspepsia (discomfort, distention, belching)

23
Q

what is the management of peptic ulcer?

Study These Flashcards
A

antibiotic for H. pylori - if confirmed by gastroscopy

quadruple therapy

Urea breath test

24
Q

What are the causes of IBS?

Study These Flashcards
A

autoimmune

diet (cholesterol, sugar)

Microbiome

dysfunction of autonomic system (stress)

25
How to diagnose IBS?
diagnosis of exclusion rule out * tumour * peptic ulcer
26
What is the management for IBS?
Walking - activity Increase water and fibre intake Probiotics Drugs- stop Manual treatment: walking the stool, raise legs for poop
27
What are the causes of Painful ovulation?
polycystic ovaries endometriosis fibroids pelvic inflammatory disease
28
What are the serious disorders of the abdomen?
1. Cardiovascular * •Angina, myocardial infarction * •AAA * •Mesenteric artery ischemia 2. Neoplasia * •Bowel/Stomach cancer * •Ovarian tumors & cysts 3. Severe infections * •Hepatitis * •Pelvic inflammatory disease 4. Ectopic pregnancy
29
Other disorders that affect the abdomen?
Acute appendicitis Myofascial tear Herpes zoster Constipation Psychogenic Adhesions Food allergies Endometriosis Diverticulitis Inflammatory bowel disease Myofascial tear Abdominal hernia Referred pain from thoracic spine
30
What is a side strain?
* Commonly reported in athletes requiring repetitive, unilateral and explosive trunk motion * Usually a tear of IO, esp. at rib or costal cartilage attachment * •Acute inflammation +/- haemorrhage * •Acute pain and focal tenderness at costal margin * •Reproduced by movements consistent with mechanism of injury: * •Trunk lateral flexion, shoulder adduction * •Agg. with deep breathing, coughing, rolling over in bed
31
What are the locations for hernias?
Inguinal hernia Umbilical Esophageal Hiatus
32
Clinical presentation of Myocardial Ischaemia?
Age\>35 Pain: retro/parasternal, jaw, neck, inner arm, epigastrium, inner scapular Quality of pain: Constricting, burning (clenched fist) Aggravated: activity, food, stress, cold Relieved: rest, glycerin Hx: HBP, Obesity, smoking, dyspnea, nausea, sweating, pallor, fatigue
33
Clinical presentation of Referred Thoracic pain
Age 20-40 Pain: spinal, paraspinal, chest, substernal, illiac crest Quality of pain: Dull, aching, sharp, Aggravated: deep inspiration, poor posture, sleeping Relief: Lying supine, erect spine Hx: trauma, poor posture (office workers)
34
There are three views for thoracic X-ray
* AP: SHows scoliosis * Lateral: vertebral fracture, shaumans, alligment of PLL ALL ligs * Rib:
35
What is the management of a crush fracture
* • Most VCF are managed conservatively with medication for pain relief and rest. * Manual therapy and exercise * Falls prevention, strength based training. * Bracing * If complications – surgery – stabilisation.
36
What is the management for scoliosis?
**Non- surgical intervention** * Specific evidence based physical therapy * SEAS - Scientific Exercises Approach to Scoliosis * Schroth method * Bracing – in a curve greater than 250 used with excercises * Surgery * Growing rods
37
Management for Scheuermann's?
M\>F – usually with a family history Ages 10-15 Presents with stiffness and deformity **Management** * Schroth method * Physical therapy – including Osteo!! * Extension sports – gymnastics, swimming * Bracing * Surgery – only in very * severe – curve \>800
38
WHat is the clinical presentation of herpes zoster?
stabbing and burning sensation in the spine rash to one side or at the face
39
What is the treatment for herpes zoster?
Antiviral drugs.
40

CS6 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions