Thorax and Lungs ch 18

Question 1

Alveoli

Answer 1

functional units of lungs, where gas exchange occurs with surrounding capillaries.

Question 2

Angle of Louis

Answer 2

manubriosternal angle, ariculation of the manubrium and body of the sternum, continuous with 2nd rib

Question 3

Asthma

Answer 3

abnormal resp. condition related to hypersentivity to inhaled allergens. Characterized by bronchospasm, wheezing, and dyspnea.

Question 4

Atelectasis

Answer 4

abnormal resp condition characterized by collapsed, shrunken, delfated section of alveoli

Question 5

Bronchiole

Answer 5

one of the smaller resp pathways into which the segmental bronchi divide

Question 6

Bronchitis

Answer 6

inflammation of the bronchi with partial obstruction of bronchi due to excessive secretion

Question 7

Bronchophony

Answer 7

spoken voice sound heard through the stethoscope, which sounds soft, muffled, and indistinct over nml lung tissue

Question 8

Bronchovesicular

Answer 8

normal breath sound heard over major bronchi, charzd by moderate pitch and equal duration of inspirtn and expirtn

Question 9

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Answer 9

category of abnormal resp conditions charzd by airflow obstruction (e.g., emphysema, chronic bronchitis)

Question 10

Cilia

Answer 10

million of hairlike cells lining the tracheobronchial tree. pushes mucus out of trachea.

Question 11

Consolidation

Answer 11

solidification of portions of lung tissue as it fills up with infectious exudate, as in pneumonia

Question 12

Crackles

Answer 12

(rales) abnormal, discontinuous, adventitious lung sounds heard on inspiration.

Question 13

Crepitus

Answer 13

coars, crackling sensation palpable over the skin when air abnormally escapes from the lung and enters the subcutaneous tissue

Question 14

Dead space

Answer 14

passageways that transport air but are not available for gaseous exchange, like the bronchi or trachea

Question 15

Egophony

Answer 15

voice sound of “EEEEEE” heard through stethoscope

Question 16

Emphysema

Answer 16

COPD charzd by enlargement of alveoli distal to terminal bronchioles

Question 17

Fissure

Answer 17

narrow crack dividing the lobes of the lungs

Question 18

Fremitus

Answer 18

palpable vibration felt over chest wall when patient speaks

Question 19

Friction rub

Answer 19

a coarse, grating, adventitious lung sound heard when the pleurae are inflamed

Question 20

Hypercapnia

Answer 20

increased lvls of CO2 in the blood

Question 21

Kussmaul Respiration

Answer 21

type of hyperventilation that occurs with diabetic ketoacidosis

Question 22

Orthopnea

Answer 22

difficulty breathing when lying supine/flat

Question 23

Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea

Answer 23

sudden awakening from sleeping with SOB

Question 24

Pleural effusion

Answer 24

abnormal fluid b/w the layers of the pleua

Question 25

Rhonchi

Answer 25

low-pitched, musical, snoring, adventitious lung sound caused by airflow obstruction from secretions

Question 26

Vesicular

Answer 26

soft, low-pitched, normal breath sounds heard over peripheral lung fields

Question 27

Vital Capacity

Answer 27

amount of air that can be exhaled following maximal inspiration

Question 28

Wheeze

Answer 28

high-pitched, musical, squeaking adventitious lung sound

Question 29

Whispered pectoriloquy

Answer 29

faint and inaudible sound (over nml lung tissue) made when patient whispers

Question 30

Costochondral junctions

Answer 30

point where ribs meet cartilage, not nmlly palpable

Question 31

Suprasternal Notch

Answer 31

hollow u-shaped depression just above the sternum

Question 32

Describe the method of counting intercostal spaces

Answer 32

Each intercostal space is numbered by the rib above it.

Question 33

Costal angle

Answer 33

angle made b/w right and left costal margins. Usually 90 degrees. increases when overinflated (emphysema)

Question 34

mediastinum

Answer 34

in the middle of the thoracic cavity, houses the esophagus, trachea, heart and great vessels

Question 35

Pleual cavities

Answer 35

on the sides of the mediastinum, house the rt and lt lungs

Question 36

Visceral Pleura

Answer 36

lines the outside of the lungs, dips down into fissures

Question 37

Parietal Pleura

Answer 37

lines the inside of the chest wall and diaphragm

Question 38

Costodiaphragmatic recess

Answer 38

where the pleurae extend 3 cm below lvl of lungs and create a potential space. Abnormal air or fluid in here could prevent lung expansion.

Question 39

Acinus

Answer 39

funtional respiratory unit comprised of: bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli.

Question 40

Normal stimulus to breath is an....

Answer 40

increase in C02 levels in the blood

Question 41

Surfactant

Answer 41

lipid substance needed for sustained inflation of the air sacs.

Question 42

Hemoptysis

Answer 42

ejection of blood when coughing

Question 43

Rust colored sputum can indicate what?

Answer 43

tuberculosis or pneumococcal pneumonia

Question 44

Chest pain with breathing could be due to what?

Answer 44

muscle soreness from coughing, or from inflammed pleura from pneumonia.

Question 45

The ratio of anteroposterior to transverse diameter is?

Answer 45

1:2 to 5:7

Question 46

Barrel chest

Answer 46

when anteroposterior diameter=transverse diameter. ribs horizontal, chest appears hyperinflated. Occurs in chronic emphysema

Question 47

Give indicators of assessing a patient who has COPD?

Answer 47

hypertrophied neck muscles, person leaning forward with arms braced against knees. tense, strained face, pursed lips when breathing, forced expiration with accessory muscles.

Question 48

Unequal chest expansion occurs with what?

Answer 48

atelectasis, lobar pneumonia, pleural effusion, thoracic trauma, pneumothorax

Question 49

Resonance

Answer 49

low-pitched, clear, hollow sound that predominates in healthy lung tissue in the adult.

Question 50

Hyperresonance

Answer 50

lower-pitched, booming sound found when too much air is present in lungs. Accompanies emphysema or pneumothorax

Question 51

Dull (sound)

Answer 51

soft, muffled thud. Sign of abnormally dense lungs. Occurs with pneumonia, pleural diffusion, atelectasis, or tumor.

Question 52

Adventitious sounds

Answer 52

added sounds, NOT NORMALLY heard when auscultating lungs, examples are crackles or wheezes.

Question 53

Atelectatic crackles

Answer 53

type of adventitious sound that is not pathologic. Described as short, popping, crackling sounds that disappear after a few breaths or after a cough

Question 54

Pleural Friction fremitus

Answer 54

palpable gratin sensation with breathing

Question 55

Unequal chest expansion occurs with?

Answer 55

an obstructed or collapsed lung (like with pneumonia), or when guarding

Question 56

Diaphragmatic excursion

Answer 56

3-5cm measurement between the lower lung border made after inspiration and then again after expiration. should be equal bilaterally.