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Thorax Lec Flashcards

1
Q

3 compartments of the thorax

A

mediastinum (contains heart)

R and L pulmonary cavities

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2
Q

Spinal level of spine of scapula (root) and inferior angle

A

T3
T7

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3
Q

True, false and floating ribs

A

true - 1-7
false 8-10
floating 11, 12

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4
Q

Know where the rib tubercle and articular facets are

A

articular facet is part of the tubercle and its where it articulates with the vertebrae

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5
Q

Describe the articulations of the costovertebral and costotransverse joint

A

costovertebral - head of rib (crest) with demi facets of vertebral body

costotransverse - transverse process of vertebrae with rib tubercle

rib 7 with vertebrae 6 and 7

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6
Q

Describe the movement of the costotransverse joint in the mid-thoracic vs lower thoracic spine

A

mid thoracic - rotation
lower thoracic 0 glides

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7
Q

Know the location of the jugular notch and sternal angle

A

sternal angle - manubriosternal joint

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8
Q

Where are the sternal costal joints

A

first 7 ribs, synovial

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9
Q

What name change occurs at the first rib?

A

Subclavian artery and vein to axillary artery and vein

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10
Q

What muscles connects with the diaphragm

A

Quadratus Lumborum and Psoas Major

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11
Q

Diaphragm innervation

A

phrenic C3 C4 C5

keep you alive!

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12
Q

Attachments of the diaphragm

A

xiphoid process
costal margin of the thoracic wall
ribs 11 and 12
posterior abdominal wall ligaments
lumbar vertebrae

inserts on itself via central tendon

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13
Q

What three structures pass through the diaphragm and at what vertebral level?

Which is most posterior?

A

IVC T8

Esophagus and vagus nerve T10

Aorta and thoracic duct T12

I 8 10 eggs at 12

Posterior to anterior is Aorta, Esophagus, IVC

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14
Q

The sternal angle splits the mediastinum into superior and inferior portions at spinal level ____

A

T4/T5 disc
i45

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15
Q

What level does the aorta bifurcate into R and L common iliac arteries?

A

L3/L4

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16
Q

How many intercostal spaces are there? What is in each space?

A

11
(12 ribs, 1st space starts under 1st rib)
Intercostal vein, artery and nerve

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17
Q

Movement of rubs from lateral view and anterior view

A

lateral - pendulum (smaller movement)

anterior - bucket handle

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18
Q

review scapulohumeral rhythm

A

60 from ST joint
120 from GHJ
160 total
dont forget clavicle

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19
Q

Movement of the rib cage changes when breathing is ____

A

forced

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20
Q

What region is the thoracic spine most mobile? How many DOF does the thoracic spine have?

A

upper thoracic is most mobile but in general thoracic has all DoF

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21
Q

What aspects of the thoracic spine limits movements?

A

Long SP limits spinal extension

TP limit side bending

Facets oriented in frontal plane (stop signs) - allow more rotation and side bending over flex/ext

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22
Q

How many intercostal muscles are there and how are they innervated?

A

3
external, internal and innermost

Intercostal nerve T1-T11, segmentally

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23
Q

Action of external, internal and innermost intercostal muscles

A

external - draw ribs superiorly to explain rib cage during inhalation

internal - draw ribs inferiorly, decreasing space of thoracic cavity (exhalation)

innermost - assist internal muscles

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24
Q

What is the action/function of serratus posterior (superior and inferior)

A

forced breathing

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25
What ribs does the transverse thoracic originate on, what's its action?
3-6 depresses costal cartilages literally skipped the slide in class
26
subcostals
only for dissection pretty sure but they axist and may depress the ribs
27
Levator costarum muscles do what
elevate tibs, assist respiration "levator" elevate
28
What muscle does the pec major (sternocostal head) also attach from?
external obliques
29
When the pec minor is tight, what postural position results? What might this impinge?
anterior tilt (of scap) impinge brachial plexus
30
Pec major originates on coastal cartilage ____ while pec minor starts on ribs ___
1-6 3-5
31
Serratus Anterior action
protracts and upwardly rotates scapula (punch) holds scap against thoracic wall
32
Where does serratus anterior originate and insert?
starts on lateral ribs 1-9 goes to medial border of scapula
33
Arterial supply to the thoracic region is mostly segmental except for what?
internal thoracic arteries that come off subclavian artery they go straight down on each side of the sternum
34
The intercostal artery and nerve travel in the subcostal groove between which muscles?
internal and inner most intercostal
35
Venous supply of thorax includes which major veins
superior vena cava, Azygos vein and internal thoracic vein
36
Know how to identify the veins - which is more lateral, azygous or internal thoracic?
internal thoracic is lateral to azygos
37
Dermatome levels are segmentary except __ What is at T2, T4,T6, T10?
except T1 T2 - armpit T4 - nipple T6 - xiphoid T10 - umbilical
38
The pleural cavities exist at what landmarks What are the layers? What is between them?
just above rib 1 to just above costal margin parietal and inner visceral, serous fluid in between
39
Which layer of the pleural cavity is not innervated?
visceral
40
Know how to identify the hilum, apex, base, of lungs Also may have to differentiate between left and right
41
The right lung has ___ fissure(s) and ___ lobes
2 fissures - oblique and horizontal 3 - superior middle and inferior lobe (know how to identify)
42
The left lung has ___ fissure(s) and ___ lobes
1 fissure - oblique 2 lobes - superior an inferior
43
Special feature of the left lung
lingula
44
Contents of lung hila/hilum
right or left pulmonary artery 2 pulmonary veins main bronchus (bronchial vessels, nerves, lymphatics)
45
Hilum vs root
root = collection of vessels hilum = passageway
46
Vertebral levels of the trachea
C6 to T4/5 where is bifurcates into R and L bronchus
47
Describe the brachial tree divisions
trachea (C6-T4/5) R and L main bronchus lobar bronchi (secondary bronchi, different on R and L*) segmental bronchi conduction terminal respiratory alveolar sacs
48
Pneumothorax
collapsed lung puncture of the thoracic wall lets in atmospheric air to the pleural cavity, disrupting the negative air pressure typically inside that keeps the lung inflated
49
Pulmonary arteries carry ______ blood to the ____
deoxygenated lungs
50
Pleural Reflection
reflects molding of surrounding structures Know location for SVC, cardiac impression, IVC, azygog vein, esophagus
51
What are recesses (list the 2)
spaces for the lungs to expand costomediastinal recesses costodiaphragmatic recesses
52
What is more lateral, phrenic nerve or vagus nerve?
phrenic is slightly more lateral than vagus
53
Describe the phrenic nerve course - where does it exit, it goes on what side of the heart? anterior or posterior to vagus nerve? innervates what?
nerve roots C3-C5 exits neck between anterior and middle scalene travels behind great veins travels lateral to each side of heart anterior to vagus nerve innervates each half og the diaphragm
54
Which lung will have the plueral reflection for the aorta and which will have the IVC/SVC? Heart? (on the medial surface)
aorta - left lung IVC/SVC - right lung heart - left lung
55
External airways are outside the ____ and includes the ____ trachea
thorax superior
56
External airways must be stable against compression due to _____
atmospheric compression
57
Epiglottis fxn
closes over trachea during swallowing to prevent aspiration of food or liquid
58
Circoid cartilage marks what
marks start of trachea from laranyx
59
T/F: the trachea has muscles
T: trachealis muscle
60
What happens to the respiratory tract with COPD
airways and sacs lose their elasticity destruction of air sac walls airway walls become thick and inflamed clogged airways with mucus
61
2 most common COPD
chronic bronchitis emphysema

Anatomy (23 decks)

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