Thorax/Lungs/Abdomen Flashcards
(28 cards)
Barrel Chest
Increased AP diameter of the chest
e.g. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Pectus Excavatum
Chest deformity characterized by depression of the lower portion of the sternum (“funnel” chest)
e.g. congenital; Rickets; Marfan’s; Cobbler’s Chest
Pectus Carinatum
Chest deformity characterized by the anterior displacement of the sternum (“Pigeon” chest)
e.g. congenital; Rickets; Marfans
Tactile Fremitus
palpable vibrations transmitted through the bronchopulmonary tree. Best appreciated by placing the palmer aspect of the metacarpalphalangeal joints against the thorax.
e.g. increased when there is consolidation as with pneumonia; decreased with a bronchial plug or with pleural effusion
Percussion Notes
Resonant –over the normal chest
Hyperresonant– in COPD
Dull– over the liver
Flat– over the thigh muscle
Vesicular Breath Sounds
Inspiration is longer than expiration (true over most of the thorax)
Bronchovesicular Breath Sounds
Inspiration equals expiration in length (between scapulae)
Bronchial or Tracheal Breath Sounds
Expiration is longer than inspiration (over suprasternal notch)
Crackles
relatively brief, inspiratory non-musical adventitial sounds heard on auscultation of the chest. Come from small airways and can relate to secretions or fibrosis
Fine-Soft, high pitched e.g. CHF
Coarse- louder, lower in pitch e.g pneumonia
Rhonchi
low pitched adventitial sounds heard on auscultation of the chest. They are of longer duration than crackles, a snoring-like quality, come from secretions in large airways.
e.g. bronchitis
Wheeze
High pitched, musical adventitial sounds heard on auscultation of chest. They are of longer duration than crackles or rhonchi. Caused by air flow through narrowed airways.
e.g. asthma; foreign body in a bronchus.
Stridor
an upper airway inspiratory sound caused from airway obstruction in the trachea or larynx. Louder and typically lower pitched than a wheeze. Commonly heard without a stethoscope.
e.g. Croup; foreign body in the trachea
Bronchophony
louder than normal and more clearly heard transmitted voice sound.
Egophony
the spoken letter “E”” is heard as “A”
Whispered pectoriloquy
whispered sounds are heard louder and more clearly
Friction Rub
Pleural and cardiac, like pieces of leather rubbed together or a creaking sound. Heard during inspiration and expiration.
e.g. pleuritis; pericarditis
Murmurs
relatively prolonged extra heart sounds caused by disruption in blood flow through and out of the heart. Can be pathologic and non.
Thrill
palpable vibration over the chest
e.g. may accompany loud murmurs (4/6 or greater)
Click
Extra systolic sound of short duration
e.g. mitral valve prolapse
Bruit
Basically a murmur over a vessel
e.g. carotid bruit in partially carotid artery occulusion
Convex (related to abdomen)
gently rounded
Flat (related to abdomen)
not convex or concave
Concave or scaphoid (related to abdomen)
concavity
Striae
Streaks most often on abdomen . Collagen fiber disrupted.
e.g. stretch marks
