Thorax, Mediastinum, and Heart

Question 1

Vertebral level of manubrium

Answer 1

T4

Question 2

Rib that attaches to the sternal angle

Answer 2

2nd rib

Question 3

Vertebral level of sternal angle

Answer 3

T4-T5

Question 4

Vertebral level of xiphoid process

Answer 4

T9

Question 5

The body of T4 articulates with (ribs)

Answer 5

Head of the 4th and 5th ribs

Question 6

Floating ribs

Answer 6

11th and 12th ribs

Question 7

Landmark muscle that attaches to 1st rib

Answer 7

Scalenus anterior

Question 8

Weakest point of the rib

Answer 8

Anterior to the angle

Question 9

Most commonly fractured ribs

Answer 9

7th-10th ribs

Question 10

Thoracic outlet syndrome is caused by pressure on this nervous structure

Answer 10

Lower trunk of brachial plexus

Question 11

During expiration, what thoracic diameters are decreased?

Answer 11

All: Anteroposterior, Transverse, Vertical

Question 12

During inspiration, the sternum moves in this direction.

Answer 12

Superior

Question 13

Intercostal muscles that elevate the ribs

Answer 13

External intercostals

Innermost intercostals

Question 14

Three muscles that depress the ribs

Answer 14

Serratus posterior inferior
Internal intercostal
Transversus thoracis

Question 15

Anatomical landmarks that divide the mediastinum into superior and inferior halves

Answer 15

Sternal angle of Louie

Intervertebral disk between T4 and T5

Question 16

Part of the aorta in the superior mediastinum

Answer 16

Arch of the aorta

Question 17

Vertebral levels spanned by the descending aorta

Answer 17

T5-T12

Question 18

Structure that divides the inferior mediastinum into three

Answer 18

Heart

Question 19

The thymus gland is commonly located in these parts of the mediastinum

Answer 19

Superior and anterior mediastinum

Question 20

Part of the aorta that is located in the middle mediastinum

Answer 20

Ascending aorta

Question 21

These three structures are located in the superior and posterior mediastinum

Answer 21

Esophagus
Vagus nerve
Thoracic duct

Question 22

The inferior vena cave enters the thorax at this vertebral level

Answer 22

T8

Question 23

The visceral pericardium is also known as

Answer 23

Epicardium

Question 24

Normal pericardial fluid volume

Answer 24

30 mL

Question 25

Pericardial fluid is enclosed between

Answer 25

Parietal and visceral layers of the serous pericardium

Question 26

Typical site of entry for pericardiocentesis

Answer 26

Left xiphocostal angle, 5th or 6th intercostal space

Question 27

Normal weight of the heart

Answer 27

Male: 280-340 g Female: 230-280

Question 28

Forms the sternocostal surface of the heart

Answer 28

Right ventricle

Question 29

Forms the base of the heart

Answer 29

Left atrium

Question 30

Auscultatory level for aortic valve

Answer 30

2nd intercostal space, right parasternal line

Question 31

The first heart sounds signify the closure of these valves

Answer 31

Mitral and tricuspid valves

Question 32

The blood supply of the heart are branches of

Answer 32

Ascending aorta

Question 33

The anterior cardiac vein drains into the

Answer 33

Right atrium

Question 34

The left circumflex coronary artery supplies the:

Answer 34

Left atrium and vetricle

Question 35

The right ventricle is supplied by these arteries

Answer 35

Anterior interventricular artery | Marginal branch of the right coronary artery

Question 36

Two branches of the left coronary artery

Answer 36

Anterior interventricular artery | Left circumflex artery

Question 37

Most common coronary artery that is occluded in acute myocardial infarction

Answer 37

Anterior interventricular artery

Question 38

In angina pectoris, pain is commonly referred to these dermatomes

Answer 38

T1-T5

Question 39

ECG chest lead placed at the 5th ICS anterior axillary line

Answer 39

V5

Question 40

The fossa ovalis is located in the

Answer 40

Right atrium

Question 41

The fossa ovalis is a remnant of the

Answer 41

Foramen ovale

Question 42

The moderator band is located within

Answer 42

Right ventricle

Question 43

Most posterior of the four heart chambers

Answer 43

Left atrium

Question 44

The left horn of the sinus venosus will form the

Answer 44

Coronary sinus

Question 45

The right atrium is derived from this primitive heart chamber

Answer 45

Sinus venosus, right horn

Question 46

Truncus arteriosus results from the failure of normal development of these structures

Answer 46

Truncal ridges | Aorticopulmonary septum

Question 47

Components of the tetralogy of Fallot

Answer 47

Overriding aorta Pulmonary stenosis Right ventricular hypertrophy Ventricular septal defect

Question 48

Fate of the umbilical arteries

Answer 48

Medial umbilical ligaments

Question 49

Ligamentum teres is formed by the obliteration of

Answer 49

Left umbilical vein

Question 50

The ductus arteriosus is derived from this aortic arch

Answer 50

Left 6th aortic arch

Question 51

The right 4th aortic arch forms the

Answer 51

Proximal part of the right subclavian artery

Question 52

The first aortic arch degenerates except for the

Answer 52

Maxillary arteries

Question 53

The blood supply of the stapes, stapedial arteries, are derived from this aortic arch

Answer 53

2nd aortic arch

Question 54

The left 4th aortic arch forms the

Answer 54

Arch of the aorta

Question 55

The common and internal carotid arteries are derivatives of this aortic arch

Answer 55

3rd aortic arch

Question 56

The left circumflex coronary artery supplies the:

Answer 56

Posterior walls of the left ventricle

Question 57

Fate of the bulbus cordis

Answer 57

Right ventricle

Question 58

The primitive atrium and ventricle develops into

Answer 58

Left atrium and ventricle