Thorax Region And Airways

Question 1

What makes up the serous pericardium

Answer 1

The visceral pericardium
Parietal pericardium
Within the two would be the pericardial fluid

Question 2

What is the function of the fibrous pericardium

Answer 2

The outermost layer of the heart
Would stop the heart from expanding too much

Question 3

What nerve supplies the fibrous and serous pericardium

Answer 3

The phrenic nerve

Question 4

How many lobes are on the left and the right lungs

Answer 4

3 on the right
2 on the left

Question 5

What is a pneumothorax

Answer 5

When air would escape from the lungs

Question 6

What causes the lung to collapse

Answer 6

When the lungs would be released from the walls of the rib-cage
The pleura would become unattached
Can cause collapse

Question 7

What is a haemothorax

Answer 7

When blood gets into the lungs

Question 8

What is the thoratic cage

Answer 8

Hard tissues that would not allow the full expansion of the thorax outwards
Consists of 12 pairs of ribs, 12 thoracic vertebrae and the sternum
This would protect the heart and the lungs

Question 9

What is the function of the serous pericardium

Answer 9

Allows movement during contraction and relaxation of the heart

Question 10

What epithelium would line the airways

Answer 10

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Question 11

What is the area where the trachea would bifurcate

Answer 11

The Carnia

Question 12

What is the level of the carnia

Answer 12

T4/T5

Question 13

What is the main muscle in the airways that would allow contraction and relaxation as well as stability

Answer 13

Trachealis muscle

Question 14

What is the vertebrae level does the oesophagus move through the diaphragm

Answer 14

T10

Question 15

What is the vertebrae level of the vena cava

Answer 15

T8

Question 16

What vertebrae level does the xiphoid cross

Answer 16

T7

Question 17

What is the vertebrae level of the descending aorta

Answer 17

T12

Question 18

What is the superior mediastinum

Answer 18

Aortic arch, thymus, trachea, thoracic duct, vein (brachiocephalic, superior vena cava)

Question 19

What is the middle mediastinum

Answer 19

Heart, ascending aorta, pulmonary trunk

Question 20

What is in the posterior mediastinum

Answer 20

Descending aorta, thoracic duct, oesophagus, vagus nerve, lymph’s

Question 21

What is in the anterior mediastinum

Answer 21

Remnants of the thymus, lymph’s

Question 22

What is the long vein that runs up the tibia and crosses the knee

Answer 22

Long saphenous vein
Longest vein in the body
Superficial vein in the leg

Question 23

What muscle is on the shoulder

Answer 23

The deltoid muscle

Question 24

What are the muscles on the pectoral

Answer 24

The pectoralis major (superficial)
Pectoralis minor (under the major and attaching to ribs 3,4 and 5)

Question 25

What cartilage is the thyroid gland mainly

Answer 25

The cricoid cartilage

Question 26

What is the cartilage above the cricoid cartilage

Answer 26

The thyroid cartilage

Question 27

Where are the remnants of he thymus

Answer 27

In the anterior mediastinum

Question 28

What are the bronchopulmonary segments

Answer 28

Each segmental bronchus would to a structurally and functionally independent unit of the lung lobes

Question 29

What is the fissure that are on the right lung

Answer 29

The horizontal and the oblique fissure

Question 30

What is the fissure on the left lung

Answer 30

The oblique fissure

Question 31

What is special about the pleura

Answer 31

Would go 2 vertebrae levels below the lungs Attaches the lungs to the rib cage Would be filled with pleural fluid in the pleural cavity that would aid with friction

Question 32

Where does the respiratory system form from

Answer 32

A bud on the ventral surface of the foregut

Question 33

What is different about the right bronchus

Answer 33

The right would be more vertical, shorter and wider (opposite from the left bronchus)

Question 34

Where does the secondary bronchus lead to

Answer 34

The lobes of the lungs

Question 35

Where does the tertiary bronchus lead to

Answer 35

The bronchopulmonary segments Right contains 10 segments Lefts contains 8 segments

Question 36

What is good about the bronchus being able to divide into different bronchopulmonary segments

Answer 36

If have a tumour is on of the bronchus or one of the segments, you can just remove that segment without having to effect the whole lung