Thorax Review Flashcards
(123 cards)
1
Q
function of the thoracic wall
A
breathing
protection
attachment sites
2
Q
where is the sternal angle found
A
@ T2/ 2nd rib
3
Q
what muscles do inspiration
A
DIAPHRAGM
external intercostals
4
Q
what muscles do expiration
A
internal intercostals
innermost intercostals
subcostals
transversus thoracis
5
Q
how do the external intercostals run
A
obliquely forward and downward
6
Q
how do the internal intercostals run
A
obliquely forward and upwards
7
Q
what nerve innervates the diaphragm
A
phrenic nerve
C3, C4, C5 keep it alive
8
Q
what passes through the costal groove
A
intercostal v
intercostal n
posterior intercostal a
9
Q
subcostal means
A
below the 12th rib
10
Q
what makes up the brachiocephalic vein
A
subclavian v
internal jugular v
11
Q
what empties into the brachiocephalic vein
A
internal thoracic vein
azygos vein
12
Q
what does the brachiocephalic vein empty into
A
SVC
13
Q
what veins empty into the azygos system
A
subcostal v
posterior intercostal v
14
Q
superior thoracic aperture borders
A
A: manubrium
L: 1st pair of ribs and costal cartilage
P: T1
15
Q
superior thoracic aperture contents
A
trachea
esophagus
nerves
vessels
16
Q
what structure does not go into the inferior aperture
A
trachea
17
Q
inferior thoracic aperture borders
A
A: xiphisternal joint
L: ribs 11 and 12
P: T12 vertebrae
18
Q
inferior thoracic aperture contents
A
aorta
IVC
Esophagus
thoracic duct
nerves
19
Q
contents of the root of the lung
A
vessels
nerves
bronchi
20
Q
who penetrates who (hilum and root)
A
the root penetrates the hilum
21
Q
nerves of the root and hilum (& vessel)
A
vagus
phrenic
brachiocephalic v.
22
Q
vagus nerve in to the root
A
posterior to the root of the lung
23
Q
phrenic nerve to the root of the lung
A
lateral and anterior to the root
more lateral than vagus nerve
24
Q
brachiocephalic trunk to the root of the lung
A
most posterior
25
which lung is bigger, right or left
the right lung is bigger d/t the left having a cardiac notch
26
right lung
3 lobes (S, M, I)
2 fissures (horizontal and oblique)
27
horizontal fissure of RL
in b/w superior and middle lobes
28
oblique fissure of RL
in b/w middle and inferior lobes
29
left lung
2 lobes (S and I)
1 fissure (oblique)
cardiac notch
30
upper respiratory tract
nose
nasal cavity
pharynx
larynx
31
lower respiratory tract
bronchi
trachea
brachiopulmonary system
32
where does gas exchange occur in the lungs
alveoli
33
phrenic nerve innervation
motor to the diaphragm
sensory to mediastinal pleura and pericardium
34
parasympathetic innervation of respiratory system
vagus nerve (CN10)
brachioconstriction
vasodilation
secretomotor
35
sympathetic innervation of the respiratory system
sympathetic trunk
bronchodilation
vasoconstriction
inhibits secretomotor
36
what is the SVC formed by
brachiocephalic trunk
37
what is the main muscle of inspiration
diaphragm
38
what are the mediastinum's
superior and inferior
39
what are the three parts of the inferior mediastinum
anterior
middle
posterior
40
what divides the superior and inferior mediastinum
transverse thoracic plane
41
what are the great vessels
left subclavian
left common carotid
arch of aorta
brachiocephalic vein
brachiocephalic trunk
SVC
42
borders of superior mediastinum
S: continuous w/ neck
A: manubrium
L: mediastinal pleura
P: T1-T4
I: pericardium
43
contents of superior mediastinum(a -> P)
thymus
great vessels
phrenic N
vagus N
sympathetic trunk
trachea
esophagus
thoracic duct
44
what structure is most anterior in the superior mediastinum
thymus
45
whats more medial in the superior mediastinum, the organs or the nerves
nerves
46
what part of the superior division does not travel into the inferior division
trachea
47
anterior inferior borders
S: transverse thoracic plane
A: sternum
I: diaphragm
L: parietal pleura
P: pericardium
48
anterior inferior contents
thymus
internal thoracic vessels
fat, connective tissue, lymph nodes
49
middle mediastinum borders
pericardial sac
50
middle mediastinum contents
heart
51
when do bronchioles come about
T2
when trachea divides
52
posterior mediastinum borders
A: pericardial sac
S: continuous w/ superior mediastinum
P: bodies of T5-T12
I: diaphragm
L: parietal pleura
53
posterior mediastinum contents
descending aorta
azygos
accessory azygos
hemiazygos
sympathetic trunks
vagus nerves
esophagus
thoracic duct
54
what does the descendng thoracic aorta do to the esophagus
displaces it to the right
55
where are the system of azygos located
azygos on the R
accessory on the L, more superior
hemiazygos inferior
56
when does the abdominal aorta come about
when descending thoracic aorta passes through abdominal aorta hiatus
57
what is the thoraic duct in b/w
posterior to esophagus
anterior to azygos
58
sinuses of the heart
oblique
transverse
59
oblique sinus
pulmonary v, SVC and IVC
60
transverse
bypass for surgery
61
where is the SA node
juntion of SVC and RA
62
what is the main vein of the heart
coronary sinus
63
deoxygenated blood flow
body tissues
SVC/IVC
RA
tricuspid valve
RV
pulmonary valve
pulmonary arteries
lungs
64
oxygenated blood flow
lungs
pulmonary veins
LA
bicuspid (mitral) valve
LV
aortic valve
aorta
body tissues
65
layers of the heart
epicardium (outermost)
myocardium (middle muscle layer)
endocardium (innermost)
66
where is the base of the heart located
posterior to T6-T9
67
apex of the heart
posterior to 5th intercostal space
this is where you can hear the mitral valve closing
68
where is the sternocostal
by RV
69
what form the pulmonary surfaces
RA and LV
70
what is the base of the heart
LA
71
where is the diaphragmatic surface
inferior
72
chambers of the heart
RA
RV
LV
LA
73
what chamber is the largest portion of the anterior surface
RV
74
pectinate muscles
rigid muscles in the auricle
75
when do pectinate muscles end and what do they turn into
end at the crista terminalis and turns into smooth muslce
76
fossa ovalis
open in the fetal heart
helps exchnage blood in atria
77
where does the coronary sinus open into
RA
78
papillary muscles
in RV
attach to chordae tendinae
79
chordae tendinae
heart strings that connect valves
80
what chamber is the lowest
LV
d/t apex
81
where are pectinate muscles
atrium
82
papillary muscles are located
in ventricles
(lower, pap smear)
83
where do cardiac veins drain into
coronary sinus and then to the RA
84
avg resting HR
70 bpm
85
what do parasympathetic fibers do to the heart
slow down HR
86
T8 opening
opening of IVC
87
T10 opening
opening of esophagus
88
T12 opening
opening of aorta
89
T12 and L3
ribs by kidney
90
L4
abdominal aorta ends
91
L5
origin of IVC
92
ribs 9-11
spleen
93
what happens if cohesion in the lung is broken
collapsed lung
94
where do the coronary arteries branch to
ascending aorta
95
vertical dimension of breathing
diaphragm depression
96
lateral dimension of breathing
elevating ribs
bucket handle
97
anteroposterior dimension of breathing
elevating sternum
pull handle
98
blood supply for nutrition to the lungs
bronchial arteries
99
trachea lies ___________ to esophagus
anterior
100
which chamber of the heart has the thickest myocardium
LV
101
valve b/w LV and LA
bicuspid
102
valve b/w RV and RA
tricuspid
103
where is teh crista terminalis
RA
104
pacemaker of the heart
SA node
105
superior heart border
right atrium
left atrium
auricles in anterior view
106
inferior heart borders
mainly right ventricle
slightly left ventricle
107
left borders of heart
mainly LV
108
right border of heart
right atrium
SVC
IVC
109
coronary sinus is
posterior
110
waht does the superior border form
inferior border of sinus
111
common carotid sheath contents
common carotid artery
internal jugular vein
vagus nerve
112
what does the common carotid sheath do
communicates w/ mediastinum
113
what is the major artery of the thorax
internal thoracic
114
what does the internal thoracic artery branch into
superior epigastric
musculophrenic
anterior intercostal
subcostal
115
where does the posterior intercostal artery branch from
thoracic aorta
116
where doe the thoracic aorta and internal thoracic branch from
subclavian arteries
117
what veins empty into the azygos system
posterior intercostal and subcostal
118
where does the anterior interocstal v empty into
internal thoracic
119
where deos the internal thoracic vein empty into
brachiocephalic trunk
120
what empties into the brachiocephalic trunk
azygos system of veins
internal thoracic v
121
where does the brachiocephalic trunk empty into
SVC
122
where do the intercostal nerves run
ventral root 1-11
in b/w innermost and internal intercostals
123
wehre deos the subcostal nerve run
ventral ramus T12
b/w abdominal muscles
