Throat Flashcards
(25 cards)
What is an URTI?
Respiratory infection leading to pharyngitis
Pharynx & soft palate inflamed w/elarged tender LN
What organisms typically cause tonsillitis in young children & older children?
Young = Adeno/Entero/Rhinovirus, RSV Old = EBV, Group A β-haemolytic strep
What are the Sx of viral tonsillitis?
Nasal discharge/ blocked nose Fever Cough Painful throat Earache Odynophagia Enlarged, inflamed tonsils Poor feeding in infants Febrile convulsions
What are the Sx of bacterial tonsillitis?
Headache +/- abdo pain Cervical lymphadenopathy RED enlarged tonsils White purulent exudate Fever >38 Grey furry tongue
What is the Centor criteria?
Fever >38 Tonsillar exudate Absent cough Cervical lymphadenopathy SCORE >3 = Group A strep
How is tonsillitis managed?
Paracetamol/Ibuprofen
Fluids
Abx: ONLY if +ve swab for bacteria = Penicillin V or Erythromycin
When is a tonsillectomy indicated?
> 7 episodes in 1 year
5 episodes in 2 consecutive years
3 episodes in past 3 years
What are the Sx of quinsy?
Throbbing throat pain
Contralateral uvula deviation
Trismus
↓Neck mobility
What should be done if a peritonsillar abscess is suspected?
URGENT referral to ENT
Surgical drainage & tonsillectomy
What are the Sx of infectious mononucleosis?
Malaise Peticheal rash in oropharynx Jaundice Orbital oedema Splenomegaly
Where do most salivary gland stones form?
Submandibular gland
What are most salivary gland stones made out of?
Calcium
What are the Sx of sialolithiasis?
Colicky oral pain
Post-prandial swelling of gland
How is sialolithiasis investigated?
Sialography
How is sialolithiasis treated?
Stone in Wharton’s duct = oral removal
Other ducts = gland excision
What causes sialadenitis?
Staph Aureus infection
What are the Sx of sialadenitis?
Erythema
Pus leaking from duct
What age group usually get epiglottitis?
1-6year olds
What organism causes epiglottitis?
H. Influenzar type B (HiB)
How does epiglottitis present?
ACUTE ONSET HIGH FEVER Painful throat Can't speak or swallow Drooling Stridor ↑↑Resp effort (rapidly increasing) ↑↑HR Sitting immobile & upright Mouth open
How is epiglottitis investigated?
Blood cultures
DO NOT EXAMINE THROAT
How is epiglottitis treated?
Intubation Tracheostomy if intubation fails Manage in ICU Abx: IV Cefuroxime/Cefotaxime HiB Immunisation
What can be given as prophylaxis to household contacts of someone with epiglottitis?
Rifampicin
What are the common causes of sinusitis?
Viral: MOST COMMON
Bacterial: Strep Pneumonia, H. Influenzae, Moraxella
