Throat Conditions Flashcards

Question

Quinsy: Symptoms

Answer 1

Unilateral throat pain Dysphagia >> difficulty swallowing Odynophagia >> painful swallowing Unilateral otalgia >> ear pain Drooling

Answer 2

Fever Erythematous, oedematous tonsil with contralateral uvular deviation Tonsillar exudate Trismus >> unable to open mouth Muffled “hot potato” voice Cervical lymphadenopathy

Answer 3

Clinical CT of neck >> only if unclear

Answer 4

Medical emergency Admit to hospital Abscess drainage IV antibiotics IV fluids Analgesia

Answer 5

Viral infection caused by Epstein-Barr virus >> Infectious mononucleosis

Answer 6

90% of adults by 40 have had it Most common in adolescents and young adults

Answer 7

EBV infection >> transmitted through saliva, genital secretions, blood

Answer 8

Sore throat Malaise Fatigue Myalgias >> muscle ache

Answer 9

Fever Tonsillar hypertrophy Tonsillar exudate Erythematous pharynx Soft palate petechiae >> small red dots caused by inflammed capillaries Cervical lymphadenopathy >> typically posterior Splenomegaly >> enlarged spleen Hepatomegaly >> enlarged liver Maculopapular rash

Answer 10

Monospot test- >> checking for heterophile antibodies >> can be false negative within 2 weeks of symptom onset >> repeat Serum EBV antibodies test FBC >> checking for lymphocytes LFTs >> liver function test >> elevated 2-3x upper limit of normal

Answer 11

Viral infection = supportive care- >> symptoms can last 2-4 weeks >> fatigue can last longer >> avoid kissing, sharing fluids, drinks, utensils >> avoid contact sports and heavy lifting >> risk of rupturing spleen

Answer 12

Splenic rupture Hepatitis >> liver inflammation Severe thrombocytopenia >> low platelets Haemolytic anaemia >> red blood cells destroyed

Answer 13

Ulceration of the oral mucosa with grey base >> also called canker sore

Answer 14

Trauma Emotional stress Deficiencies of iron, zinc, vitamin B12, folate Food sensitivities HIV infections Crohn's disease >> inflammatory bowel disease Celiac disease

Answer 15

Clinical diagnosis If recurrent consider testing for systemic disease

Answer 16

Supportive management- >> saline mouth wash >> topical corticosteroids >> milk of magnesia applied topically If ulceration >21 days >> ENT referral

Answer 17

Oral fungus infection

Answer 18

Oral overgrowth of the normal GI flora yeast-like fungus Candida species >> most commonly Candida albicans

Answer 19

Extremes of ages Immunosuppression Medication use Broad-spectrum antibiotics >> disrupt natural flora balance Oral/inhaled steroids Diabetes Poor dental hygiene Smoking Nutritional deficiency

Answer 20

Local burning Soreness or itching Odynophagia >> painful swallowing Chest pain >> if yeast in oesophagus

Answer 21

Different types of Candida >> each present differently Oral thrush- >> patches of curd-like yellow/white plaques on tongue, palate or pharynx >> easily scraped off, revealing erythematous base Acute erythematous/atrophic- >> erythematous palate or dorsal tongue Angular cheilitis- >> erythema >> fissuring on edges of mouth

Answer 22

Clinical diagnosis If recurrent consider testing for systemic disease >> HIV, diabetes mellitus, deficiencies of iron/b12

Answer 23

Treat underlying cause Advice patients taking inhaled steroids to rinse mouth after use Mild or localised- >> use topical anti-fungal treatment >> Eg. Miconazole gel Severe, extensive, or with HIV- >> oral anti-fungal treatment >> Eg. Oral fluconazole

Answer 24

White plaque of oral mucosa 1% premalignant lesion

Answer 25

Tobacco Alcohol Immunosuppression Chronic candidiasis

Answer 26

Asymptomatic

Answer 27

Bright white, sharply defined patches on the oral mucosa Slightly raised above surrounding mucosa Cannot be scraped away

Answer 28

Biopsy needed for confirmation

Answer 29

Refer to ENT

Answer 30

Cold sores Caused by Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) >> 90% oral herpes caused by HSV-1 >> genital and orogential herpes caused by HSV-2

Answer 31

Transmitted via direct contact of skin or mucous membranes with infected secretions >> primary viral infection >> becomes latent in dorsal ganglia >> reactivation of herpes virus

Answer 32

Early symptoms of primary infection- >> pain, burning, tingling, pruritus (itchy), paraesthesia >> blisters >> fever, malaise, sore throat

Answer 33

Fever Cervical lymphadenopathy Clustered erythematous vesicles of mouth, nose or chin Ulcers eventually crust over and heal

Answer 34

Clinical diagnosis Swab for HSV PCR

Answer 35

Topical antiviral OTC Oral antiviral >> for primary infection, sever, recurrent, immunocompromised Minimise transmission risk- >> avoid kissing or oral sex until healed >> don't share items that come in contact with lesions >> avoid touching lesions >> wash hands with soap and water

Answer 36

Infection of major salivary glands >> by retrograde transmission of bacteria from oral cavity via salivary duct

Answer 37

Enlarged painful salivary gland Purulent drainage from duct orifice Red or painful duct Fever Decreased salivary secretion

Answer 38

Heat/cold compresses with massage Aggressive hydration Lemon drops or citrus juice to promote salivary flow Analgesia medication >> painkillers

Answer 39

Sialolithiasis: salivary stone >> development of stones inside salivary glands >> Sialo: salivary glands >> lith: stone

Answer 40

Pain and swelling associated with eating

Answer 41

Lemon drops or citrus juice promotes salivary flow >> eventually should push stone out through ducts

Throat Conditions Flashcards

(65 cards)