Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

ENT SC1 > Throat-ENT > Flashcards

Throat-ENT Flashcards

(90 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

tx acute tonsilitis

A
  • co-amox
  • analgesia +/- steroid bolus
  • rehydration/ bed rest
  • antipyretics
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

tx acute tonsilitis

A
  • co-amox
  • analgesia +/- steroid bolus
  • rehydration/ bed rest
  • antipyretics
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

viral vs. bacterial sore throat

A 
viral= milder, low grade adenopathy, 
bacterial= SEVERE> 48hrs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

dx acute tonsilitis

A
  • fbc
  • MONOSPOT= Paul Bunnell
  • LFT
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

refer acute tonsilitis

A
  • severe sore throat
  • trsimus
  • hot potato
  • referred pain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

causes of quinsy

A

S.aureus
S.pneumo
Bacteroides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Epiglottis in adults- location

A

SUPRAGLOTTIC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Tx epiglottitis

A

REFERRAL- ENT/anaesthesia/paeds

  • Oxygen
  • adnrealine neb
  • heliox
  • steroids
  • antibiotics– third gen cephalosporin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

nasal facture– important to exclude

A

another max-fax fracture

CSF rhinorrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

when to refer nasal fracture

A

obvious deformity- 5-7days; rhinoplasty

URGENTLY– septal haematoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

mgmt septal haematoma

A

incise
drain
tamponade

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

tx of orbital cellulitis

A

IB antibiotics
decongestants
analgesia
optic nerve damage= SURGICAL DECOMPRESSION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

dx of orbital cellulitis

A

CT sinuses- exclude orbital abscess

urgent referral ENT/ OPTHO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

epistaxis causes in kids

A
  • URTI

- digital trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

epistaxis causes in adults

A
  • trauma
  • anterior bleed
  • posterior bleed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

anterior bleed epistaxis in adults

A
  • little’s area

- recurrent self-limiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

posterior bleed epistaxis in adults

A
  • elderly
  • medical co-morbidities– anticoag, aspirin

MORE SEVERE–> ADMIT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

bloody otorrhea tx– BASE OF SKULL FRACTURE

A

BATTLE SIGN: bruising over mastoid process, by extravasation of blood along path of posterior auricular artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

bloody otorrhea tx– BASE OF SKULL FRACTURE

A

BATTLE SIGN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

viral vs. bacterial sore throat

A 
viral= milder, low grade adenopathy, 
bacterial= SEVERE> 48hrs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

dx acute tonsilitis

A
  • fbc
  • MONOSPOT= Paul Bunnell
  • LFT
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

refer acute tonsilitis

A
  • severe sore throat
  • trsimus
  • hot potato
  • referred pain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

causes of quinsy

A

S.aureus
S.pneumo
Bacteroides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Epiglottis in adults- location

A

SUPRAGLOTTIC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Tx epiglottitis
REFERRAL- ENT/anaesthesia/paeds - Oxygen - adnrealine neb - heliox - steroids - antibiotics-- third gen cephalosporin
26
nasal facture-- important to exclude
another max-fax fracture | CSF rhinorrhea
27
when to refer nasal fracture
obvious deformity- 5-7days; rhinoplasty | URGENTLY-- septal haematoma
28
mgmt septal haematoma
incise drain tamponade
29
anterior ethmoidal artery
ophthalmic-ica-common carotid
30
sphenopalatine artery
terminal IMAX-ECA
31
greater palatine
IMAX-ECA
32
septal branch
superior labial-facial-IMAX-ECA
33
grade 1 chandlers
preseptal/ periorbital cellulitis
34
grade 2 chandlers
postseptal/ orbital cellulitis
35
grade 3 chandlers
subperiosteal abscess
36
grade 4 chandlers
intra-orbital abscess
37
grade 5 chandlers
cavernous sinus thrombosis
38
tx of orbital cellulitis
IB antibiotics decongestants analgesia optic nerve damage= SURGICAL DECOMPRESSION
39
dx of orbital cellulitis
CT sinuses- exclude orbital abscess | urgent referral ENT/ OPTHO
40
epistaxis causes in kids
- URTI | - digital trauma
41
epistaxis causes in adults
- trauma - anterior bleed - posterior bleed
42
anterior bleed epistaxis in adults
- little's area | - recurrent self-limiting
43
posterior bleed epistaxis in adults
- elderly - medical co-morbidities-- anticoag, aspirin MORE SEVERE--> ADMIT
44
perichondral haematoma tx
- IV abx - analgesia - refer--> incise and drain
45
bloody otorrhea tx-- BASE OF SKULL FRACTURE
BATTLE SIGN
46
causes of bloody otorrhea
- otitis-- media/ externa - focal trauma - head injury - post-op
47
mgmt bloody otorrhea
RADIOLOGY, PRIMARY/SECONDARY SURVEILLANCE | HEAD INJURY TEAM
48
epistaxis tx
1. Tilt head forward and apply nasal compression for 15 minutes 2. Try againIf fails to resolve consider hospital admission 3. Perform ABCD and correct any underlying pathology (HTN, bleeding disorder) 4. Establish IV Line access 5. Offer Nasal Decongestant (Oxymetazoline) 6. Visualize and Cauterize the wound with silver nitrate 7. Pack nose and give oral antibiotics Ribbon Gauze w/ BIPP, merocel (tampon), rapid rhino (balloon) 8. Antibiotics to prevent: sinusitis, otitis media, cavernous sinus thrombosis 9. if bleeding persists, consider surgical intervention Arterial ligation Radiological Embolization
49
RR newborn
30-50
50
RR toddler
20-40
51
RR school
15-25
52
RR adult
12-15
53
indications for tracheostomy
``` PELAPS Prophylaxis Edema- infective/trauma/burn Long term ventilation Airway obstruction Pulmonar toilet-- aspiration Sleep apnea ```
54
do an open one, when there are contraindications to ventilation, such as...
OBESE COAGULOPATHIC PREVIOUS- Rtx/ Sx
55
stridor neonate
- laryngomalacia - congenital tumor - subglottic stenosis - vocal cord paralysis
56
stridor children
- croup - FB - epiglottitis - acute laryngitis - respiratory papillomatosis
57
stridor adults
- laryngeal cancer - laryngeal trauma - acute laryngitis - epiglottitis
58
complications of tracheostomy
1. death 2. obstruction-- from secretion since FB 3. bleeding 4. displacement 5. subcutaneous emphysema 6. pneumothorax 7. fistula-- TEF, tracheoinnominate 8. RLN
59
cuffed tube
can talk; seal for ventilation | change: ulcerates or RLN or aspiration or dysphasia
60
double lumen tube
change: clean
61
fenestrated tube
can talk; | change: granulations go through
62
inflammatory causes of neck mass
- cervical adenitis | - chronic sialadenitis
63
infectious causes of neck mass
- staph - strep - TB - HIV - Cat scratch - Toxo - EBV - Actinomycosis
64
congenital causes of neck mass
``` LATERAL= branchial cleft cyst DIFFUSE= lymph/haemangioma MIDLINE= - thyroglossal duct cyst - dermoid cyst ```
65
benign neoplastic causes of neck mass
benign: - lipoma - fibroma - neuroma - haemangioma
66
malignant neoplastic causes of neck mass
malignant: - lymphoma - SCC - PTC - RCC or breast mets
67
traumatic causes of neck mass
pseudoaneurysm | AV fistula
68
idiopathic causes of neck mass
Sarcoidosis Cattleman's disease Kimuras disease
69
Kimuras disease=
chronic inflammation
70
Castlemans disease=
benign lymphoproliferative
71
side effects of gradualism vaccine
pain/ red at injection site faint-- 15 minutes after v.rare= anaphylaxis
72
presentation of SCC
= LATE, stages 3-4
73
causes of leukoplakia
- irritation-- dentures, rough teeth, fillings, crowns - smoking - lip sun exposure - oral cancer - HIV
74
PC HPV head and neck cancer
- SOB - hoarseness - difficulty swallowing - painful swallowing - persistent pain - bleeding - ulceration-- oral, skin - lump/ mass lesion
75
other name for rodent ulcer
JACOBI ULCER
76
two new names of aggressive BCC's
cicatricial (morpheaform) | infiltrative
77
superficial multicentric BCC
trunk/ erythematous patch
78
merkel cell skin cancer a/w
POLYOMA VIRUS
79
T size for SCC
2cm
80
high risk features of SCC
- ear or hair bearing lip - greater than 2cm - clark four-- reticular dermal invasion - perineural invasion - poorly differentiated - chronic inflammation/ ulcer/ burn
81
melanoma of extremities
FEMALES
82
melanoma of trunk
MALES
83
amelanotic melanoma
trunk, head and neck presents in NORMAL SKIN RAPID growth
84
desmoplastic melanoma
HIGHLY AGGRESSIVE NEURAL INVASION SUNLIGHT EXPOSED areas
85
in situ clarks
dermis
86
stage 2 clarks
papillary dermis
87
stage 3 clarks
papillary-reticular dermis
88
stage 4 clarks
reticular dermis
89
stage 5 clarks
subcutaneous fat
90
GAMES for thyroid cancer
``` G-grade A-age-45yo M-m stage- M0, M1 Extrathyroid extension Size-4cm ```

ENT SC1 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions