thromboembolic disorders, for exam 3 (apart of slide slow 1)

Question 1

define thrombosis

Answer 1

• a local coagulation or blood clot that partially or fully obstructs blood flow

Question 2

define embolus

Answer 2

• any detached, traveling mass (solid, liquid, or gaseous) in circulation capable of clogging arterial capillary beds

Question 3

define thromboembolism

Answer 3

• a detached blood clot

Question 4

define a thromboembolic Disorder

Answer 4

• a condition in which a
  local blood clot (thrombus) inside one blood vessel is carried by the blood to block another vessel

Question 5

define hemostasis?

Answer 5

• the stopping of blood flow

Question 6

define coagulation

Answer 6

• the process of a blood clot being formed

Question 7

what is the final stage of hemostasis?

Answer 7

• clot dissolution, lysis or fibrinolysis
• break down of clots and is normal

Question 8

what do anticoagulants do?

Answer 8

• stop the coagulation cascade

Question 9

what does fibrinolysis do?

Answer 9

• break down clots that have formed
• give w/ stroke
• results in fibrin degradation products (D - dimer)

Question 10

what are the clinical manifestations of arterial thrombosis?

Answer 10

• pallor (pale)
• diminished or absent pulse
• cool temperature in the ischemic area
• burning / sharp pain or dumbness
• impaired function
• intermittent claudication (!!)

Question 11

what is intermittent claudication?

Answer 11

• aching, cramping, tired, burning in the legs (!!) that comes and goes, typically occurs with walking and goes way with rest
• due to poor circulation of blood in the arteries of the legs

Question 12

what is the biggest indication to arterial thrombosis?

Answer 12

• intermittent claudication

Question 13

what is the clinical manifestations of VENOUS thrombosis?

Answer 13

• skin discoloration
• edema / swelling
• pulmonary embolism
• dull / achy pain, more common
• calf / groin tenderness
• neuralgia
• thrombophlebitis

Question 14

what is neuralgia? & what disease is it apart of?

Answer 14

• intense, intermittent pain along the course of a nerve
• VENOUS thrombosis

Question 15

what is thrombophlebitis? & what disease is it apart of?

Answer 15

• inflammation of the wall of the vein, associated with thrombosis, often in legs
• VENOUS thrombosis

Question 16

what are interventions for thrombosis?

Answer 16

• oral or parenteral anticoagulant therapy
• drugs that block platelet activation/aggregation
• Anti embolic stockings or sequential compression devices
• ambulation asap

Question 17

how do we treat thrombosis?

Answer 17

• once a thrombus has formed an anticoagulant therapy is initiated to prevent clot enlargement (!!)
• thrombolytic therapy (break up thrombus)
• or surgery to remove

Question 18

what is acute arterial occlusion?

Answer 18

• absence of arterial circulation (emergency)
• could be result from thrombosis or mechanical compression

Question 19

what are the classic signs of acute arterial occlusion? (6’s P’s)

Answer 19

• pallor = gray or white
• paresthesia (tingling)
• paralysis (dumb)
• pain
• polar (cool)
• pulseless (EMERGENCYYY)

Question 20

what’s the treatment for Acute Arterial Occlusion

Answer 20

• Loosen tight dressing
  – Cut cast
  – Anticoagulant therapy
  – Thrombolytic therapy
  – Bypass surgery
  – Embolectomy
  – Amputation