Thrombotic Disorders Flashcards
(26 cards)
Virchow’s triad of thrombosis
stasis, vessel damage and hypercoagulability
arterial thrombus is white/red and what is it made up of
white clot made of platelets and fibrin
give 3 examples of arterial thrombuses
MI, unstable angina and ischaemic stroke
give 5 risk factors for arterial thrombus
smoking, obesity, hypertension, diabetes and hypercholoesterolaemia
which one of virchow’s triad causes an arterial thrombus
vessel damage
what is meant by vessel damage
a vessel that isn’t perfect - like atherosclerosis
venous thrombus is white/red and what is it made up of
red thrombus made up of fibrin and red cells
elements of virchow’s triad which cause venous thrombuses
hypercoagulability and stasis
give 2 exmples of a venous thrombus
DVT and pulmonary embolism
give 5 risk factors for a venous thrombus
pregnancy, hormone therapy, immobility, surgery and obesity
what scores can be used to assess the likelihood a DVT or PE
Wells score and geneva scores
what is d-dimer
a product of fibrin breakdown
what is fibrin
part of a clot - made from fibrinogen by thrombin
what factors turns prothrombin into thrombin
factor X
true/false - a +ve d-dimer is highly suggestive of a thrombosis
false - while a -ve result rules out thrombosis a +ve one can be caused by many things. therefore it is mainly used in cases with low likelihood of thrombosis to rule it out
what disease is d-dimer diagnostic for
DIC
3 types of anticoagulant
LMWH, warfarin and DOACs
when would thrombolysis be indicated
in a massive PE
how does warfarin work to prevents clots
inhibits factors II, VIII, IX and X
what links factors II, VII, IX and X
they are all vitamin K dependent
how does heparin work to prevent a clot
binds to antithrombin and increases its ability to attack thrombin and factor X
what type of drug is rivaroxaban
a DOAC
how do DOACs work
inhibit activated factor X
what is DIC
a small vessel blood clot condition resulting in diffuse ischaemia
