Thrush- Antigens

Question 1

what antigen category classifies an antigenic difference within a species?

Answer 1

alloantigen

Question 2

immunogenicity refers to the B cells and T cells inducing there response. are lipids and nucleic acids good immunogenic examples?

Answer 2

nope. proteins and polysaccharides are better examples

Question 3

what 4 things make up good examples of immunogens?

Answer 3

foreignness, molecular size, chemical composition (complexity), susceptibility to antigen (Ag) processing/presentation

Question 4

can T cells only recognize antigens when presented with the self-MHC molecules?

Answer 4

yes

Question 5

are haptens both antigenic and immunogenic?

Answer 5

antigenic. in order to be immunogenic they need to be attached to a carrier

Question 6

what could compromise the strong inducing features of immunodominant epitopes and compromise immune response?

Answer 6

mutations. also T cells lose the capability of recognizing these epitopes in HIV

Question 7

in T cells the epitopes can be anywhere in a protein. But what must the antigen (Ag) interact with on the T cell?

Answer 7

TCR and MHC

Question 8

can B cell epitopes also be internal?

Answer 8

almost always external

Question 9

polysaccharides are sometimes immunogenic. if the carbohydrates are more complex, does that make them better immunogens?

Answer 9

yes

Question 10

what responses requires T cell help, and generates immunological memory?

Answer 10

T-dependent (TD) Ags

Question 11

what compound is mixed with immunogens in order to make an even stronger immune response? and does it serve as a hapten carrier?

Answer 11

adjuvant. nope

Question 12

relatively high and low doses stimulate tolerance (anergy) what type of dosage may be self or form of own body?

Answer 12

high dose

Question 13

do antibodies have a stronger affinity for their antigens or TCRs?

Answer 13

stronger affinity for their antigens

Question 14

if a bigger foreign body is susceptible to Ag processing if it is a homopolymer?

Answer 14

not really. ideally you wouldnt want a homopolymer because it is less complex, which decreases immunogenecity.

Question 15

anti-genetic drift of the influenza virus is associated with?

Answer 15

epitope mutation

Question 16

Is it true that T cells only recognize peptide antigens, while B cells can recognize all four bio-organic molecules?

Answer 16

yes

Question 17

what are the polyclonal activators of T and B cells? And which uses PAMP and which uses ConA?

Answer 17

mitogens.
PAMP-> B cell mitogen
ConA-> T cell mitogen

Question 18

what is it called when the immune system can be suppressed against a particular antigen?

Answer 18

anergy (tolerance)

Question 19

what increases half-life of immunogens, increases production of cytokines and improves presentation and co-stimulation of APCs to T cells?

Answer 19

adjuvants

Question 20

B cells can be activated independently of T cells. Which TI (T-independent) pathway, exemplifies when a B cell is activated by a mitogen like LPS?

Answer 20

TI-1, because the B cell is activated by a mitogen (non-antigen specific).

Question 21

Th1 and Th2 are the type of immune responses mediated by T cells. Which generally stimulates cell mediated immunity (CMI)?

Answer 21

Th1. (Th2 activates humoral response)