Thurston's stuff

Question 1

What are murine monoclonal antibodies?

Answer 1

From a mouse

Question 2

What are chimeric monoclonal antibodies?

Answer 2

Variable murine regions fused onto human constant regions to reduce immunogenicity and increase half-life

Question 3

What are humanised antibodies?

Answer 3

Grafting murine hypervariable amino acid domains into human antibodies

Question 4

What are human monoclonal antibodies?

Answer 4

Human immunoglobulin genes are transferred into murine genome. Transgenic mice are vaccinated with desired antigen resulting in production of fully human antibodies

Question 5

What type of antibody ends in -omab?

Answer 5

Murine

Question 6

What type of antibody ends in -ixmab and -zumab?

Answer 6

chimeric and humanised

Question 7

What type of antibody ends in -mumab?

Answer 7

Human monoclonal

Question 8

What is antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity?

Answer 8

• Mechanism of killing via the immune system following the binding of antibodies bound to surface of target cells
• Antibodies consist of binding FAB variable region and a constant region FC
• FC can be detected by immune cells such as T cells and NK cells as they have FC receptors on them

Question 9

What is complement-dependent cytotoxicity?

Answer 9

• Complement pathway comprises a number of proteins in the blood that can cause cell death after an antibody binds to the cell surface
• Can also be activated by therapeutic antibodies binding to surface of tumour cells
• Cell death occurs via mechanisms such as activation of the membrane attack complex

Question 10

What are desirable properties of payloads for ADCs?

Answer 10

• High cytotoxic potency
• Effective at killing tumour cells but low toxicity to healthy cells
• Low ability cause resistance in tumour cells
• Good hydrophilic/hydophobic balance
• Must be stable with linker in circulation until it gets to the tumour cell