Thyroid Flashcards
Thyroid lesions
Genes implicated in PTC
Braf mutations and RET mutations
Genes implicated in Follicular carcinoma
Ras mutations and pax8/ppar mutations
What is a clue to diagnosing Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma
Amyloid deposition, Congo red positive with apple green birefringence on polarisation
What else would we look for in the specimen when diagnosing Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma?
C cell Hyperplasia, this will be present with Men 1 and Men 2 syndromes
Confirmatory immuno for MTC
Calcitonin
TTF1
Molecular testing to consider for MTC and the associated symdrome
RET oncogene
MEN 1 and MEN 2 syndromes
What gene is often tested for with Papillary thyroid carcinoma?
BRAF usually positive
What are the nuclear features of papillary thyroid carcinoma?
Overlapping /crowding
Nuclear grooves (coffee bean ☕)
Nuclear clearing/orphan Anne’s eyes 👀
Nuclear pseudoinclusions
What variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma has a worse prognosis?
Tall cell variant
What is a clue to diagnosing papillary thyroid carcinoma?
Surrounding fibrosis
What can mimic both Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma and Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Hyalinising Trabecular Tumour
What to look for in a follicular adenoma that will upstage it to follicular carcinoma
Capsular invasion
Vascular invasion
