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CC 2 lab group quiz > Thyroid > Flashcards

Thyroid Flashcards

1
Q

– butterfly shaped, 2 lobes separated by Isthmus and straddles the trachea

A

Thyroid gland

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2
Q

Largest endocrine gland

A

Thyroid gland; (15-25g)

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3
Q

enumerate the principal cells of the thyroid gland

A
  • Follicular epithelium; T3, T4
  • Parafollicular cells: Calcitonin
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4
Q

What is the main function of the Thyroid gland?

A

produce thyroid hormones. Iodine storage

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5
Q

GIve the normal Thyroid iodide to plasma iodide ratio:

A

25-40:1

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6
Q

TRUE or FALSE: Iodine is needed for hormone synthesis

A

TRUE

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7
Q

Intake for Iodine:
normal intake -
hormone secretion deficiency -

A
  • 1mg/week (150ug/day)
  • <50ug/day
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8
Q

Enumerate the 3 components of the thyroid gland

A
  • Follicles
  • Colloid
  • Thyroglobulin
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9
Q

Responsible for absorbing iodine (ring shape)

A

Follicles

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10
Q

Reservoir of materials for hormone production surrounded by follicle

A

Colloid

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11
Q

TRUE or FALSE: Colloid is rich in glycoprotein thyroglobulin

A

TRUE

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12
Q

this component is with tyrosyl groups (rich in tyrosine)

A

Thyroglobulin

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13
Q

TRUE or FALSE:
Follicle are the major component of colloid

A

FALSE; Thyroglobulin are th emajor component of colloid

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14
Q

TRUE or FALSE: Colloid are synthesized and secreted by follicles

A

FALSE; Thyroglobulin are the ones synthesized and secreted by follicles

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15
Q

which TG component reflects Thyroid mass, injury and TSH receptor stimulation?

A

Thyroglobulin

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16
Q

TRUE or FALSE: Presence of Thyroglobulin indicate tumor (malignant/benign)

A

TRUE

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17
Q

Which following conditions does thyroglobulin seen at increased levels?

A

increase in:
- Graves disease
- thyroiditis
- nodular goiter

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18
Q

The biosynthesis of T3 and T4 is controlled by?

A

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

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19
Q

Enumerate the biosynthesis of TH

A
  1. Iodide trapping/uptake
  2. Oxidation
  3. Iodination of tyrosyl residues by TPO
  4. Coupling/Condensation reaction
  5. Thyroglobulin is then moved to the colloid for storage
  6. Exocytosis of colloid droplets
20
Q

Iodide trapping/uptake is controlled by?

A

Na-Iodide symporter

21
Q

what is the lumen Iodide to follicular iodide ratio?

22
Q

Conversion of iodide to elemental iodide is catalyzed by which enzyme?

A

Thyroid peroxidase (TPO)

23
Q

Where does the iodothyronine formed?

A

optical barrier, follicular cells = Monoiodothyronine & Diiodothyronin

24
Q

DIT + DIT by TPO

A

T4; Thyroxine

25
MIT + DIT
T3; Triiodothyronine
26
Transport: T4 binding proteins Circulating T4 plasma protein (%) Free T4 (%)
99.95% T4 =Plasma protein, 0.05% = Free
27
T4 percentages: TBG TBPA TBA
- 75% of T4 - 15=20% of T4 - 9% of T4
28
TBG is measured by what method?
Immunoassay
29
Which substances affect the TBG & T4 binding?
- Salicylates - phenytoin - penicillin - heparin
30
t3 binding protein percentage:
0.5% Free
31
t3 binding protein percentage: TBG TBPA TBA
- 99.5% - very low - none
32
_______ affinity of T3 binding protein _______ Free T3 in plasma _______ biological activity of T3 & T4
- decrease - increase - increase
33
Discuss the hormone loop
Metabolism →, detected by Hypothalamus →, Stimulate the pituitary gland →, TSH to target oragen (Thyroid) →, T3, T4 →, Target organ (adrenal medulla) →, Epinephrine & norepinephrine →, increase Metabolism
34
Enumerate the three Thyroid autoantigens
- Thyroperoxidase - Thyroglobulin TSH receptor
35
What are the Physiologic actions of Thyroid?
1. Basal metabolic Rate 2. Tissue growth 3. CNS development 4. ANS 5. CV & Respiratory systems 6. GIT 7. Skin 8. Lactogenesis
36
Responsible for deiodination
Iodothyronine-5'-deiodinase
37
Which type is abundant for T3 circulation?
Type 1
38
Location of Type 1 and Type 2 iodothyronine-5'-deiodinase
Type 1 - Liver & Kidney Type 2 - Brain
39
Which type maintains T3 levels in the CNS?
Type 2
40
Main serum carrier of T3 and T4
Thyroglobulin
41
Method of choice for TBG level detection
immunoassay
42
used to confirm results of FT3 and FT4 or abnormalities in the relationship of total thyroxine and THBR test
TBG test
43
Hyperthyroidism vs Euthyroidism
Hyperthyroidism - increased thyroxine levels Euthyroidism - increased binding with TBG and Thyroxine
44
Total serum of T3 and T4 are dependent upon ________
amount of TBG
45
Enumerate the conditions associated with increase and decrease TBG levels
increased: Hypothyroidism, pregnancy, estrogen, euthyroidism Decreased: anabolic steroids and nephrosis

CC 2 lab group quiz (4 decks)

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