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Anatomy module 7 > Thyroid and parthyroid gland > Flashcards

Thyroid and parthyroid gland Flashcards

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1
Q

from the Latin guttur, throat), defined as an enlargement of the thyroid

A

Goiter

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2
Q

thyroid gland was not documented until the

A

Renaissance period

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3
Q

Hieronymus FabriciusabAquapendente recognized that goiters arose from the thyroid gland

A

1619

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4
Q

1656 -(Greek thyreoeides, shield-shaped) The term thyroid gland attributed to

A

Thomas wharton

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5
Q

classified thyroid as a ductless gland

A

1776 -Albrecht von Haller

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6
Q

first accounts of thyroid surgery for the treatment of goiters by Roger Frugardi

A

1170

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7
Q

Most notable thyroid surgeon

A

Emil Theodor Kocher (1841–1917) and •C.A. Theodor Billroth(1829–1894

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8
Q

Nobel Prize for medicine in recognition •”for his works on the physiology, pathology, and surgery of the thyroid gland

A

Emil theodore kocher

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9
Q

thyroid gland, an outpouchingof the primitive foregut

A

3rd week of gestation

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10
Q

Thyroid gland originates at the base of the tongue at the _____________

A

Foramen cecum

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11
Q

During its descent, the anlageremains connected to the foramen cecumvia an epithelial-lined tube known as the

A

Thyroglossal duct

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12
Q

The epithelial cells making up the anlagegive rise to the

A

Thyroid follicular cell

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13
Q

Endoderm cells in the floor of the ___________anlage thicken to form the ____________anlagethat descends in the neck anterior to structures that form the hyoid ____________

A

Pharyngeal
Medial thyroid
Hyoid bone and larynx

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14
Q

paired lateral anlagesoriginate from the _________________ and fuse with the median anlageat approximately the ___________________

A

Fourth branchial pouch

Fifth week of gestation

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15
Q

Origin of lateral anlages

A

Neuroectodermal

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16
Q

Parafollicular or c cells

A

Calcitonin

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17
Q

Location of c cells

A

superoposterior region of the gland

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18
Q

Neuroectodermal

Provide the calcitonin from c cells

A

Ultimobrachial bodies

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19
Q

Thyroid follicles are initially apparent by

A

8 weeks

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20
Q

colloid formation begins by the

A

Eleventh week of gestation

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21
Q

most commonly encountered congenital cervical anomalies

A

Thyroglossal duct cyst

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22
Q

___________ of gestation, the thyroglossalduct lumen starts to obliterate, duct disappears by the ___________

A

Fifth week

Eight week

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23
Q

failure of the median thyroid anlageto descend normally •may be the only thyroid tissue present

A

Lingual thyroid

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24
Q

Normal thyroid tissue may be found anywhere

A

Ectopic thyroid

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25
Thyroid tissue situated lateral to the
Carotid sheath and jugular vein
26
Ectopic thyroid previuosly termed
lateral aberrant thyroid
27
Blood supply of thyroid gland
Superior thyroid artery
28
Origin of right superior thyroid artery
External carotid artery Common carotid artery Brachiocephalic trunk Arch of aorta
29
Origin of left superior thyroid artery
External carotid artery Left common carotid artery Arch of aorta
30
Drainage of superior thyroid vein
Internal jugular vein Brachiocephalic vein Superior vena cava
31
Middle thyroid artery
Internal jugular vein
32
Inferior vena cava
Brachiocephalic vein
33
Largest of all endocrine gland
Thyroid gland
34
Each lobe [5cm] extends to level of
6th tracheal cartilage
35
Thyroid anatomy
Consists of Right and Left lobes •Each lateral lobe has a superior pole and an inferior pole •approximately 20 g •Larger in women •Enlarges during pregnancy •May enlarge slightly during menstruation
36
Thyroid is posterior toe the
Strap muscle
37
thyroid lobes located adjacent to the
Thyroid cartilage
38
located just inferior to the cricoidcartilage
Isthmus
39
Ascends from isthmus usually from left side towards the hyoid bone
Pyramidal lobe
40
Pyramidal lobe May be attached to hyoid bone by fibrous band, ______________
Levator glandulaethyroidae
41
Pyramidal lobe Derived from inferior end of embryonic __________________
Thyroglossalduct
42
in disorders resulting in thyroid hypertrophy the pyramidal lobe usually is
Enlarge and palpable
43
Superiorly thyroid lobes extend to the
Midthyroid cartilage
44
Thyroid gland lie adjacent to the
Carotid artery
45
Thyroid land laterally to the
SCM
46
Strap muscles of thyroid
Sternohyoid •Sternothyroid •superior belly of the omohyoid
47
Thyroid strap muscles located anteriorlyand are innervated by the ansa cervicalis(ansahypoglossi
Ansa cervicalis or ansa hypoglossi
48
The thyroid gland is enveloped by a
Loosely connecting fascia
49
derived from deep cervical fascia •attached to cricoidand thyroid cartilages
Pretracheal fascia
50
Thus, moves up and down with larynx during swallowing
Petracheal fascia
51
The true capsule of the thyroid is a thin, densely adherent fibrous layer that sends out septa that invaginateinto the gland, forming
Pseudolobules
52
cricoidcartilage and upper tracheal rings
Posterior suspensory or berrys ligaments
53
arise from the ipsilateralexternal carotid arteries (ECA)and divide into anterior and posterior branches at the apices of the thyroid lobes
Superiorthyroid arteries
54
1stanterior branch of ECA •Descends the lateral part of the neck under the superior belly of______________and _______________
Omohyoid | Sternothyroid
55
Superior thyroid arteries Above the level of the superior pole, accompanied by the ______________ of the _________________
External laryngeal branch | Superior laryngeal nerve
56
arise from the thyrocervicaltrunk shortly after their origin from the subclavianarteries
Inferior thyroid arteries
57
INFERIOR THYROID ARTERIES •Ascends vertically for a short distance posterior to the carotid sheath •turning medially, forming an arching loop and entering the tracheoesophagealgroove
Tracheoespphagealgrooe
58
INFERIOR THYROID ARTERY •crosses the
Recurrent laryngeal nerve
59
arises directly from the aorta or innominate •1 to 4% of individuals •enter the isthmus or replace a missing inferior thyroid artery
Thyroidea IMA artery
60
three sets of thyroid drainage
Superior, middle and inferior thyroid vein
61
The SUPERIOR THYROID VEINS run with the superior thyroid arteries
Bilaterally
62
Middle thyroid vein
Least consistent
63
The superior and middle veins drain directly into
Internal jugular vein
64
Parasymphatetic fiber
Vagus nerve
65
Sympathetic fiber
superior, middle, inferior sympathetic ganglia of the sympathetic trunk
66
1849
Sir Richard Owen
67
first accurate description of the normal parathyroid gland after autopsy examination of an
Indian rhinoceros
68
a medical student in Uppsala, Sweden. •1stgross and microscopic description of human parathyroids •although their function was not known
1879 inar sandstrom
69
Glands be named
glandulaeparathyroideae
70
association of Hyperparathyroidand the bone disease osteitisfibrosa cysticawas recognized
1903 •Friedrich Daniel von Recklinghausen
71
1925 •first successful parathyroidectomywas performed in by
Felix Mandl
72
Approximately 1% of normal upper glands may be found in the
paraesophagealor retroesophagealspace
73
As the embryo matures, the thymus and inferior parathyroidsmigrate together caudally in the
Neck
74
The frequency of intrathyroidalglands is about
2%
75
The superior glands usually are dorsal to the
RLN at the level of the cricoidcartilage
76
inferior parathyroid glands are located ventral to the
RLN
77
Parathyroid color depends on
cellularity, fat content, and vascularity
78
503 cadaver subjects•84% had 4 parathyroid•13% had supernumerary•3% had Less than 4
Akerstrom
79
428 cadaver subjects•--•6.7% had supernumerary
Gilmour
80
posterior aspect of the superior pole of the lateral lobes of the thyroid gland and close to the recurrent laryngeal nerve (constant location
Superior pair of PTG
81
posterior aspect of the inferior pole of the lateral lobes of the thyroid gland
Inferior pair of PTG
82
PTG derive their blood supply from the
Inferior thyroid artery
83
SUPERIOR THYROID ARTERY supply at least _____ of upper glands
20%
84
The parathyroid glands drain ipsilaterallyby the
Superior thyroid veins. •middle thyroid veins. •inferior thyroid veins
85
Pathologic enlargements of the inferior PTG may extend to the
Trachea and esophagus
86
PTG
Maintain serum calcium and phosphorus levels
87
The left recurrent laryngeal nerve loops around what structure before it ascends back to towards the thyroid area
Aortic arch
88
What is the main arterial supply of superior parathyroid gland
Inferior thyroid artery
89
How many percent of individuals has ThyroidiaIma
1-4%
90
What is the first anterior branch of the External Carotid Artery that supplies the thyroid and parathyroid
Superior thyroid artery
91
in 1903 he was the first person to associate hyperparathyroidand osteitisfibrosiacystic, a disease also associated wit his name. Who is this fellow
von Recklinghausen, Friedrich Daniel
92
Fourth branchial pouch
Superior parathyroid gland | Thyroid gland
93
Thrid branchial pouch
Inferior parathyroid gland | Thymus
94
Super parthyroid
More consistent 80% Level of cricoid cartilage
95
Inferior parathyroid gland
Inferior thyroid artery and RLN cross
96
Inferior gland
15% of thymus
97
Inferior gland
Longer migratory path
98
Undescended inferior and undescended thymus
Skull base Mandible Superior to the upper parathyroid glands
99
Newborn parathyroid
Gray, semitransparent
100
Adult parathyroid
Golden yellow to light brown
101
Normal parathyroid gland
``` Ovoid Loose tissue or fat 7mm 40-59mg Secrete PTH ```

Anatomy module 7 (1 decks)

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