Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

G240 Exam #4 > Thyroid Disorders > Flashcards

Thyroid Disorders Flashcards

(60 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What hormones are secreted by the thyroid?

A
  • T4
  • T3
  • calcitonin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the thyroid gland palpated and inspected for? -4

A
  • Swelling
  • Asymmetry
  • Tenderness
  • Texture / Firmness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does a tender thyroid mean?

A

thyroiditis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does a soft textured thyroid mean?

A

grave’s disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does a firm thyroid mean?

A

hashimotos

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

TSH levels in hypo/hyperthyroidism

A

hypothyroidism=elevated

hyperthyroidism=decreased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

T3, T4 levels in hypo/hyperthyroidism

A

hypo=decreased

hyper=increased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Iodine uptake levels in hypo/hyperthyroidism

A

hypo=decreased

hyper=increased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is hypothyroidism?

A

deficient level of thyroid hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Who is more affected by hypothyroidism?

A

women are affect 5-8x more than men

occurs between 40-70 years old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Causes of hypothyroidism-6

A
  • Autoimmune thyroiditis (Hashimoto disease)  most common
  • Antithyroid medications
  • Occurs after thyroidectomy
  • Dysfunction of thyroid gland
  • Atrophy of thyroid gland due to aging
  • Radiation to head and neck
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

If enlargement of the gland is felt, the nurse can auscultate for bruit. What does it mean if they hear bruit?

A

hyperthyroidism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Common symptoms of hypothyroidism-8

A
  • Extreme fatigue
  • Hair loss
  • Brittle nails
  • Dry skin
  • Numbness / tingling of fingers
  • Hoarse / husky voice
  • Menstrual disturbances
  • Decreased libido
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Severe symptoms of hypothyroidism-8

A
  • Low body temperature
  • Bradycardia
  • Weight gain, enlarged hands & feet
  • Thickened skin
  • Slowed speech
  • Altered mentation
  • Elevated cholesterol
  • Constipation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Medical management hypothyroidism-2

A

 Hormone replacement (levothyroxine)

 Monitor for cardiac dysfunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is hypothyroidism associated with?-3

A

elevated cholesterol, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which medications interact with hypothyroidism replacement therapy?

A

antacids, digitalis, anticoags, sedatives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How do antacids interfere with thyroid replacement?

A

o Decrease in absorption of thyroid hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How does digitalis interfere with thyroid replacement?

A

o Thyroid hormones decrease the effects of digitalis glycosides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How do anticoags interfere with thyroid replacement?

A

o Should be decreased when beginning thyroid replacement because of the increased risk of bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How do sedatives interfere with thyroid replacement?

A

o May produce profound somnolence lasting longer than anticipated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

nursing mangement- hypothyroidism- 5

A

 Monitor patients taking sedatives / analgesics
 Maintain normal body temperature
 Monitor for constipation
 Monitor for signs of altered mental status
 Educate patient on treatment regimen- lifelong hormone replacement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

hypothyroidism nursing management-maintain normal body temp-4

A
  • Provide extra layer of clothing or blanket
  • Avoid use of external heat sources (heating blanket)
  • Monitor body temp
  • Protect from exposure to cold or drafts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

hypothyroidism nursing management-constipation-4

A
  • Encourage increased fluid
  • Provide foods high in fiber
  • Encourage mobility
  • Encourage to use laxatives sparingly
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
hypothyroidism nursing management-educate patient on treatment-3
* Explain reason for thyroid hormone * Describe desired effects * Assist to develop schedule
26
potential complication of hypothyroidism
myxedema coma
27
How does myxedema coma happen
prolonged hypothyroidism (occurs most often in older women in the cooler months)
28
s/s myxedema coma-6
* Decreased mental status * Hypothermia * Hypoglycemia * Precipitated by infection and use of sedatives / opioids * Decreased function in multiple organs * Progressive lethargy, stupor, and coma
29
causes of hyperthyroidism-5
* Graves disease * Toxic goiter * Toxic adenoma * Thyroiditis * Excessive ingestion of thyroid hormone
30
Most common cause of hyperthyroidism
grave's disease
31
s/s graves disease
* Bulging eyes | * Thick red skin to shin & tops of feet
32
What is goiter?
abnormal enlargement of thyroid
33
What can cause goiter?
lack of dietary iodine
34
What can goiter affect?
swallowing/breathing
35
clinical manifestations of hyperthyroidism-13
```  Nervousness / anxiety  Hyperexcitable, can’t sit still  Emotional / irritable  Tachycardia / palpitations  Warm, flushed skin  Hand tremors  Bulging eyes  Increased appetite  Weight loss  Weakness  Finger clubbing  Menstrual changes  Changes in bowel function ```
36
Medical management hyperthyroidism-4
 Antithyroid medications (thionamides)  Radioactive iodine  Thyroidectomy  Symptom management (beta blockers)
37
radioactive iodine- (tx for, contraindications)
* Most common form of treatment of Grave’s disease | * Contraindicated during pregnancy (Should not conceive for at least 6 months after treatment)
38
Who can receive a thyroidectomy?
• Reserved for patients with obstructive symptoms, pregnant women in second trimester, and for patients that need a rapid normalization of thyroid function
39
nursing management hyperthyroidism
- assess nutritional status - monitor VS - monitor for emotional changes/anxiety - maintain normal body temp
40
nursing management hyperthyroidism-nutritional status
* Several, small meals | * Replace fluid lost through diarrhea
41
nursing management hyperthyroidism-monitor for emotional changes/anxiety-
* Stressful experiences should be minimized and a quiet, uncluttered environment should be maintained * Balance periods of activity with rest
42
nursing management hyperthyroidism-maintain normal body temp
* Cool, comfortable temperature | * Cool baths and cold fluids
43
potential complications of hyperthyroidism
thyroid storm
44
s/s thyroid storm
* Fever > 101.3 F * Tachycardia > 130 bpm * Exaggerated symptoms of hyperthyroidism * Altered mental status
45
what can cause a thyroid storm?-6
stress, infection, abrupt withdrawal of antithyroid meds, diabetic ketoacidosis, surgery, pregnancy
46
What does parathormone do?
regulates calcium and phosphate metabolism
47
Causes of hyperparathyroidism
* Enlargement of one or more parathyroid gland | * Any disease that causes low Ca levels, resulting in increased production of parathormone
48
What happens in hyperparathyroidism?
 Increased calcium absorption from kidney, intestines, bones- raises serum Ca level  Results in bone decalcification and kidney stones  Results in decreased serum phosphate levels
49
clinical manifestations of hyperparathyroidism-12
```  Fatigue  Muscle weakness  Nausea  Vomiting  Constipation  HTN  Cardiac dysrhythmias  Kidney stones  Skeletal pain  Pain with weight bearing  Pathologic fractures  Bone loss ```
50
Medical management hyperparathyroidism-4
 Parathyroidectomy  Hydration therapy- prevention of renal calcium  Monitor dietary calcium  Encourage patient mobility
51
Medical management hyperparathyroidism-hydration therapy
* At least 2000 mL | * Thiazide diuretics are avoided
52
Medical management hyperparathyroidism-monitor dietary calcium
• Avoid diet with restricted or excessive amounts of calcium
53
Medical management hyperparathyroidism-encourage patient mobility
• Bed rest increases calcium excretion and the risk of renal calculi
54
potential complication of hyperparathyroidism
hypercalcemic crisis
55
hypercalcemic crisis
* Occurs with serum Ca levels > 13 mg/dL * Can cause life threatening neurologic, cardiovascular, kidney symptoms * Patient is given Calcitonin (Promotes renal excretion of excess Ca) * Patient is hydrated with large volumes of IV fluids
56
hypoparathyroidism causes-4
* abnormal parathyroid development * surgical removal of glands * thyroidectomy * vit D deficiency
57
What happens to calcium and phosphate levels in hypoparathyroidism
 Results in increased serum phosphate levels & decreased serum calcium levels
58
clinical manifestations of hypoparathyroidism-8
```  Tetany- intermittent muscular spasms  Muscle cramping  Numbness / tingling  Stiffness in hands and feet  Dysphagia  Photophobia  Cardiac dysrhythmias  Seizures ```
59
Assessment and dx hypoparathyroidism
 Positive Chvostek or Trousseau sign indicate latent tetany  Labs (Serum calcium, Serum phosphate)  X-ray shows increased bone density
60
Medical management hypoparathyroidism
 Increase serum calcium level to. 9-10 mg/dL  If tetany occurs --> IV calcium gluconate, Provide non-stimulating environment  Diet- high calcium, low phosphorus (Milk, milk products, and eggs are avoided due to high amounts of calcium)  Monitor for respiratory distress o

G240 Exam #4 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions