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DRE > Thyroid Gland > Flashcards

Thyroid Gland Flashcards

1
Q

Incidence of thyroid disease has ____ but _________

A

Increased
Most undiagnosed

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2
Q

What is the largest gland in the body?

A

Endocrine

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3
Q

T4

A

Thyroxine

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4
Q

T3

A

Triiodothyronine

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5
Q

What are 3 functions of thyroid hormone?

A

Control basic metabolic rate
Growth and development
Nervous coordination

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6
Q

Follicular cells

A

Release and store thyroid hormone

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7
Q

Colloid

A

Glycoproteins in sphere of follicular cells

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8
Q

What is another name for parafollicular cells and what are their function?

A

C cells
Secrete calcitonin

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9
Q

T4 -> T3

A

T4 is inactive so converted to T3 in liver and kidneys
Process called peripheral de-iodination

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10
Q

Thyroglobin size

A

Large- 600kDa

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11
Q

Negative feedback: stimulus is

A

Stress/cold -> hypothalamus release TRH
Anterior pituitary release TSH
Thyroid release T3/4
Increase in BMR, protein synthesis, sympathetic tone

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12
Q

Serum TSH used to determine

A

Thyroid function

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13
Q

Issues in hypothalamus/pituitary then

A

Adenoma produces excess TSH
Thyroid gland responds, negative feedback fails

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14
Q

Low TSH and thyroid hormones

A

Feedback fails
Anterior pituitary should respond to low thyroid hormone and produce more TSH but doesn’t

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15
Q

Issues with thyroid

A

Doesn’t respond to TSH levels
Pituitary is responding to feedback

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16
Q

Hyperparathyrodism

A

Signs- fatigue,nervousness,tachycardia,tremors,weight loss,hyperphagia,sweating
Symptoms- increase in BMR (increased due to burning of energy)
Diagnosis- increase T3/4 and decrease TSH
Treatment- radioactive iodine,anti-thyroid drugs and surgery

17
Q

Graves’ disease can cause ____ and symptoms

A

Hyperparathyroidism
Bulging eyes- pressure put on optic nerve,blindness

18
Q

What is Graves’ disease and what is it caused by?

A

Autoimmune disease
Overstimulation of thyroid cells by abnormal antibody targeted at TSH receptors in thyroid follicular cell

19
Q

Hypoparathyroidism

A

Symptoms/signs- tiredness,weight gain,poor appetite,hair sparse,skin puffy and dry bradycardia
Diagnosis- low T3/4 high TSH

20
Q

If mum is thyroid deficient during pregnancy

A

Mental retardation in kids

21
Q

Introduction of iodised salt in countries with ___ has so far ___

A

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
Virtually eliminated iodine deficiency in many parts of the world

22
Q

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

A

Autoimmune disease
Antibodies against TPO or thyroglobin destruction of gland

23
Q

Hyperthyroidism oral manifestiation

A

Increased caries
Periodontal disease
Burning mouth syndrome

24
Q

Hypoparathyroidism oral manifestation

A

Salivary gland enlargement
Glossitis
Compromised periodontal health

DRE (2 decks)

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