Ticks

Question 1

Four major ticks in Australia

Answer 1

Ixodes holycyclus
Rhipicephalus sanguineus
Haemaphysalis longicornis
Rhipicephalus australis

Question 2

Tick paralysis

Answer 2

Ixodes holocyclus

Question 3

Brown dog tick

Answer 3

Rhipicephalus sanguineus

Question 4

Bush tick

Answer 4

Haemaphysalis longicornis

Question 5

Tick fever vector

Answer 5

Rhipicephalus australis

Question 6

What is Rhipicephalus australis limited by?
Temp:____ for _____months
Rainfall: ____ /year

Answer 6

Climate
>18 degrees for 5-6
>500mm rain

Question 7

What tick has yellow legs and is not very active on the host?

Answer 7

Rhipicephalus australis

Question 8

What tick has red/brown legs, short mouthparts and is very active on the host?

Answer 8

Haemaphysalis longicornis

Question 9

Who is bigger? Rhipicephalis australis or Haemaphysalis longicornis?

Answer 9

Rhipicephalus australis

Question 10

Which tick/s have a cranial mouth part?

Answer 10

Ixodes holocyclus

Question 11

Which tick/s have a ventral mouthpart?

Answer 11

Rhipicephalus sanguineus
haemaphysalis longicornis
Rhipicephalus australis

Question 12

Anaplasma marginal: is a:

Answer 12

Prokaryote

Question 13

Diagnosis of Anaplasma marginale can be done through:

Answer 13

Blood smear

Question 14

The vector for Anaplasma marginale is_____, and will cause______ in cattle.

Answer 14

Rhipicephalus australis

tick fever

Question 15

Tick fever costs _____ annually to treat and control, and it is a _________ in NSW.

Answer 15

$175m

notifiable disease

Question 16

Transmission of Anaplasma marginale:
______ feeds on infected host,
______ in the tick, and then enters the _____ _____ of the tick.

Answer 16

Tick
replicates
salivary gland

Question 17

Babesia bigemina causes ____ ____ in _____. Any ____ that recover from infection are _______ for _______, but are _________ to reinfection.

Answer 17

tick fever
cattle
cattle
infected
life
immune

Question 18

Babesia bigemina/bovis is transferred between cattle by _______ ________. Transmission occurs through a _______/_______ ingested from an infected cow. This develops into a ______ in ___-___ days. This then enters a new host via _____. Therefore to prevent transfer of B. bigemina/bovis, kill the tick within __ ______.

Answer 18

Rhipicephalus australis
piroplasm/gamete
sporozoite
1
3
saliva
24 hours

Question 19

Symptoms of Babesia bigemina include (7):

Answer 19

pyrexia
anorexia
haemoglobinuria
anaemia
jaundice
sudden death
weak

Question 20

‘Red water’ occurs more commonly with ____, and occurs only occasionally at later stages of infection in ____.

Answer 20

Babesia bigemina

Babesia bovis

Question 21

For effects of Babesia bigemina to be seen, there needs to be a parasitaemia of __-___%

Answer 21

10

30

Question 22

Babesia bovis is _____ than B. bigemina. Any ____ that recover from infection are _______ for _______, but are _________ to reinfection.

Answer 22

smaller
cattle
infected
life
immune

Question 23

Babesia bovis causes ___% of all ____ _____ outbreaks, with the vector __________.

Answer 23

80
tick
fever
Rhipicephalus australis

Question 24

Symptoms of Babesia bovis are more _____ than B. bigemina and include (9):

Answer 24

severe
pyrexia
increased RR
depression
anorexia
anaemia
neurological (incoordination, teeth grinding)
haemaglobinuria
abortion
decreased fertility

Question 25

For effects of Babesia bovis to be seen, there needs to be a parasitaemia of ___%, and this will cause _____.

Answer 25

<1 | anaemia

Question 26

Immunity for vaccination against tick fever in cattle should be done in cattle ______ (age) due to _____ ______. However immunity from the vaccination takes __-__ weeks to develop, therefore animals should not be ____ during this time.

Answer 26

``` <9 months old innate immunity 3 4 moved ```

Question 27

To minimise tick fever outbreaks, animals should dipped _______ in the season, dipped with there are _____ ticks per _____, and paddocks should be_____.

Answer 27

early >20 side spelled

Question 28

Incubation period is ___-____ weeks after tick attachment. Production-wise, tick fever causes a ____ in ____ production, and decreased ______ success, a loss of _______, and a loss of access to _______ _______.

Answer 28

``` 2 3 decrease milk breeding condition export markets ```

Question 29

Treatment and control of tick fever include (6):

Answer 29

``` quarantine de-stocking 3-5 month pasture spelling tick resistent cattle (Bos indicus) tick treatments attenuated tick fever vaccine ```

Question 30

Post mortem findings in a cow with tick fever include (9):

Answer 30

``` intravascular haemolysis icterus swollen liver with pale colouration enlarged gallbladder with thick, granular bile enlarged dark, friable spleen enlarged kidneys oedema of lungs petechiae on surface of heart and brain ```

Question 31

Babesia vogeli (protozoa) is ______ than Babesia gibsoni. It can be diagnosed with ____ _____ and _____ (more reliable). The vector of this is _________ _________, otherwise known as the ___ _____ _____.

Answer 31

``` larger blood smear PCR Rhipicephalus sanguineus brown dog tick ```

Question 32

Babesia gibsoni is ____ _____ in Australia. It is transmitted by ____ _____. The symptoms are ____ ______ than Babesia vogeli and it is ____ to treat. The vector of B. gibsoni is _________ _________, otherwise known as the ___ _____ _____.

Answer 32

``` extremely rare dog bites more severe harder Rhipicephalus sanguineus brown dog tick ```

Question 33

Symptoms of Babesia vogeli are (4):

Answer 33

haemolytic anaemia pyrexia anorexia depression

Question 34

``` What tick/s is a 1 host tick? And how long does it spend on the host? 1 Ixodes holycyclus 2 Rhipicephalus sanguineus 3 Haemaphysalis longicornis 4 Rhipicephalus australis ```

Answer 34

4 | 3 weeks

Question 35

``` What tick/s is a 3 host tick? 1 Ixodes holycyclus 2 Rhipicephalus sanguineus 3 Haemaphysalis longicornis 4 Rhipicephalus australis ```

Answer 35

1 2 3

Question 36

Egg-laying by gravid female ticks occurs mid-____ to mid-_____, usually peaking around _____ ______

Answer 36

November February Summer solstice

Question 37

Tick saliva contains at least ___ chemicals that affect mammals' ____ ______ and blood system. These include _____-binding proteins, anti-______, and ____ and ______ that increase vascular ________ by preventing _______ aggregation and __________.

Answer 37

``` 300 immune defences histamine coagulants prostaglandins esterases permeability platelet vasoconstriction ```

Question 38

Rhipicelphalus australis has a distribution in____ and _____ regions, and is present in ______ and northern ___, therefore there is _______ to control movement into ___. It is thought that these ticks originally arrived in Australia on cattle from ___.

Answer 38

``` tropical sub tropical Queensland NSW quarantine NSW Indonesia ```

Question 39

what are the three blood parasites that can cause tick fever?

Answer 39

Babesia bigemina Babesia bovis Anaplasma marginale

Question 40

Babesia affect primarily ______, while Theileria affect both _______ and _______. However, Theileria is considered a _____ parasite, despite being found in all mainland states in Australia. It is an increasing concern when _____ cattle are introduced to ____ regions.

Answer 40

``` erythrocytes leukocytes erythrocytes benign naiive endemic ```