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Ticks, Mites, Fleas etc etc. Flashcards

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1
Q

What 3 main diseases are spread by body lice?

A

Louse Borne Epidemic Typhus

Trench Fever

Louse Borne Relapsing Fever (Epidemic Relapsing Fever)

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2
Q

What bacteria causes Louse Borne Epidemic Typhus

A

Rickettsia Powazekii

(Typhus Allen likes Polish People)

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3
Q

What bacteria causes Trench Fever?

A

Bartonella Quintana (Bartonella had a quinciñera)

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4
Q

What bacteria causes Louse Borne Relapsing fever?

A

Borrelia Recurrentis

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5
Q

What two main diseases are spread by fleas?

A

Plague

Murine Typhus

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6
Q

What main diseases are spread by hard ticks?

A

Lyme Disease
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

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7
Q

What bacteria is responsible for Lyme Disease

A

Borelia Burgdorferi

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8
Q

What main diseases are spread by soft ticks?

A

Tick Borne Relapsing Fever

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9
Q

What bacteria causes Tick Borne Relapsing Fever?

A

Borelia Duttoni

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10
Q

What mite causes Scabies?

A

Sarcopetes Scabiei

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11
Q

What is spread by Chigger Mites?

A

Scrub Typhus

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12
Q

What is the bacteria that causes Scrub Typhus?

A

Orientia Tsutsugamushi

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13
Q

What flea is associated with Plague and Murine Typhus?

A

Xenopsylla - Tropical Rat Flea

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14
Q

What is Kyasanur forest disease (KFD)

A

An Arbovirus spread through HARD TICKS that occurs in India, assocaited with agricultural development and deforestation

Have high suspicion of disease when you have an increase in monkey deaths in your area (reservoir/Host)

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15
Q

What is Tick Paralysis?

A

Transient paralysis that can occur from multi-day exposure to toxic tick saliva

Recovery is swift once tick is removed

Often mistaken for Polio

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16
Q

How can you control Hard Ticks?

A

Tick insecticides (acaricides)
PPE and long sleeves
Treatment of infested areas
Cut long grass where applicable
intermittent Ivermectin

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17
Q

What is the clinical relevance of Soft Ticks

A

Spread Tick Borne Relapsing Fever

Vector of African Swine Fever Virus (this just affects pigs, but has important economic effects)

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18
Q

What spp. of Soft tick is responsible for Tick Borne Relapsing Fever?

A

Ornithodoros sp

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19
Q

How is TBRF spread?

A

Organism is Borrelia Duttonii.

Borrelia is in Coxal fluid of the tick
When the tick leaks coxal fluid this can enter into the site of the bite or other skin abrasions –> infection

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20
Q

Which ticks cause a painful bite?

A

Soft Ticks

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21
Q

How does Scabies infection spread?

A

Human to human
Contact necessary

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22
Q

What are the risk factors of scabies infection?

A

Overcrowding
Bed sharing
Poor hygeine

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23
Q

How does Scabies infection present?

A

Generalised rash (not an indicator that this is where the ticks are in the skin)
Tunnelling/burrowing, especially between fingers and around wrists

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24
Q

How do you managed uncomplicated scabies?

A

5% permethrin topical application - given to the whole family, must be applied to the entire body

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25
How can you remove Scabies Mites from clothing/bedding/ housing
Temephos insecticides Wash and iron clothing/bedding
26
How do you manage systemic scabies (e.g Norweigian Scabies?)
Ivermectin
27
Which two medically relevant things are spread by mites?
Scabies Scrub Typhus
28
What mite is responsible for Scrub Typhus
Chigger mite (larva and nymph)
29
What bacteria causes Scrub Typhus
Orientia Tsutsugamushi
30
Where could you find Scrub Typhus infections?
Asia
31
Which form of developing larva of a Chigger mite feeds on humans, potentially spreading Scrub Typhus
Larval form only!!!!!
32
How does Scrub Typhus present?
Eschar at bite site
33
Name the 3 common Borrelial infections
Louse Borne Relapsing Fever Tick Borne Relapsing Fever Lyme Disease
34
What is the vector of Louse Borne Relapsing Fever?
Louse Pediculus Homanus
35
What is the vector of Tick Borne Relapsing Fever?
Soft Ticks (Ioxdodies)
36
What is the Vector of Lyme Disease?
Hard Tick
37
What kind of organism/bacteria are Borrelia?
Spirochetes
38
How should you diagnose Spirochete Borrelial infections?
Blood Microscopy Darkfield Microscopy PCR **serology not helpful
39
What is a risk factor when treating Spirochete infection?
Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction **this is an immune mediated response that occurs from spirochete death - Risk increases with higher spirochete loads; LBRF > TBRF - causes fever and blood pressure tank - Mortality of 3-4%
40
What is the differntial of Relapsing Fever (Tick Borne or Louse Borne)
Malaria Typhus fever Typhoid Meningococcal Septicaemia Meningitis Hepatitis Dengue and other Arboviruses Leptospirosis VHFs
41
What is the pathophysiology of Relapsing Fevers?
Spirochetes enter into the blood (either through Body Louse or through Soft Tick) Spirochetes like the reticuloendothelial system --> travel to the liver, spleen and CNS While they travel they cause vascular endothelial damage --> vasculitis like picture and low platelets Disease severity corresponds to the degree of spirochetes in the blood
42
What is the incubation of Relapsing Fevers?
4-8 days
43
How do relapsing fevers present?
HIGH FEVER BIG SPLEEN BIG LIVER BIT CONFUSED Fever, headache, myalgia, arthralgia Neuropsyhiatric features, confusion, meningism Bleeding and platelet dysfxn (can present like a VHF or a haemorrhagic arbovirus)
44
How many relapses occur in Louse Borne Relapsing Fever?
Usually <3
45
How many relapses occur in Tick Borne Relapsing Fever
Loads, some people have about 12
46
Which bacteria is responsible for Louse Borne Relapsing Fever?
Borella Recurrentis
47
Where in the world is Louse Borne Relapsing Fever most common?
Ethiopia is the only place in the world where it is currently Endemic There is an outbreak in Sudan at the moment
48
How is LBRF spread?
Crushing of Pediculus humanus louse
49
Which Relapsing fever is more likely to cause jaundice and hepatomegaly?
LBRF
50
What is the CFR of LBRF?
Up to 70%
51
How do you manage LBRF?
Doxycycline stat ± ceftriaxone if CNS invovlement
52
How can you prevent LBRF
Assocaited with body lice = assocaited with overcrowding and poor hygiene Frequent washing of clothes and changing of bedding Permethrin sprays PEP of doxycycline in areas of high risk or outbreak
53
What bacteria is responsible for causing TBRF?
Borellia Duttonii
54
Where can you find TBRF?
East and Central Africa NOT found in the west
55
Which Relapsing Fever has animal reservoirs?
TBRF
56
How is TBRF spread?
Coxal fluid or saliva from soft ticks
57
what is the CFR of TBRF?
10% ---> significantly worse in pregnant women
58
How do you manage TBRF?
Doxyclycine (usually treatment is given for up to 10 days to manage the frequent relapses; this is not the case in LBRF) ± Ceftriaxone if CNS involvement
59
Hw does TBRF present?
Hihg fever, painful joints Recurring fever of 3 days, 7 day break, 3 day fever, 7 day break etc. FEVER is followed by FLUSHING
60
How can you prevent TBRF?
Improve housing Sweep floors (soft ticks drop to the floor after they've have a quick lil scran of your blood)
61
What three typhus fevers are in the rickettsial family?
Louse Borne Typhus Fever Scrub Typhus Murine Typhus
62
What bacteria and vector cause Epidemic Typhus
Louse Borne Epidemic Typhus spread by Pediculus Homanus Rickettsia Prowazekii
63
What bacteria and vector cause Scrub Typhus?
Chigger Mite Orentia Tsutsugamushi
64
What bacteria and vector cause Murine Typhus?
Flea borne typhus Rickettsia Typhi
65
What bacteria and vector Cause Trench Fever?
Pediculus Humanus Louse Bartonella Quintana
66
Which two diseases are spread by fleas?
Plague Murine Typhus ±Tapeworms (Dypylidium Caninum)
67
Which flea is responsible for spreding Murine Typhus and Plague?
Xenopsylla (Tropical Rat flea)
68
What species are the hosts for Xenopsylla fleas?
Rattus Norvegicus Rattus rattus
69
What bacteria causes Murine Typhus (fleaborn typhus)?
Rickettsia Typhi (mooseri)
70
Where might you find Murine Typhus?
Ports (found globally)
71
How does Murine Typhus present?
Fever, transient rash, headache, backache
72
How should you control flea-spread illnesses?
1. Kill the fleas (first - before the rats otherwise you can rapidly spread the disease because the fleas just find a new host!) - Residual spraying - treat all dwellings - Insecticides - Resin insecticide strips on container 2. Kill the rats - Rodenticides - Methyl Bromide Gas
73
how do rickettsial infections present?
Fever and rash ± other symptoms
74
What is the vector of Louse Borne Typhus?
Pediculus Hominus (feacal spread)
75
What bacteria causes Louse Borne Typhus
Rickettsia Prowazekki
76
What is the presentation of Louse Borne (epidemic) Typhus?
Fever, conjunctival injection, headache, central macular rash
77
How can you diagnose Epidemic Typhus?
Weil Felix Serology PCR **rickettsia is an intracellular organism meaning culture is very challenging ** recall all the epidemic rickettsial/borrelial illnesses are caused by body lice
78
How do you manage Epidemic Typhus?
Supportive Care Tetracycline 500mg QID
79
What causes Scrub Typhus?
Chigger Mite Orentia Tsutsugamushi
80
Which stage of the chigger mite bites people, potentially spreading Scrub Typhus?
Larva only
81
Where does Scrub typhus occur?
South East Asia Australia
82
How does Scrub Typhus present?
Eschar at site of bite, usually over sites of tight clothing (waistbands, sock tops) Rash (trunk with palmar sparing) Fever, hepatosplenomealy Hearing Loss
83
How do you manage Scrub Typhus?
Doxycyline ± Chloramphenical

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