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1
Q

ethtool - networking

A

allows you to query and change your NIC settings.

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2
Q

miitool - networking

A

view, manipulate,

media independent interface

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3
Q

fdisk - networking

A

manipulates disk partition table

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4
Q

mountsmb - networking

A

used to mount smb drives

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5
Q

su - networking

A

switch user ID during a login session

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6
Q

dig -networking

A

Domain Information Groper Prints DNS information txt mx records

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7
Q

ping - networking

A

Send ICMP packets

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8
Q

ifconfig - networking

A

Interface configuration - used to configure and print interface information

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9
Q

telnet - networking

A

used to communicate with another host using the telnet protocol

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10
Q

tcpdump - networking

A

Transmission control protocol dump - used to capture packets and save to files

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11
Q

traceroute - networking

A

displays route and transfer delays of packets across an IP network to a given host

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12
Q

netstat - networking

A

network statistics - shows current connections and shows open ports being used

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13
Q

arp - networking

A

address resolution protocol - resolves an IP address of a system to a MAC address.

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14
Q

route - networking

A

prints and configures IP routing table

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15
Q

curl - networking

A

client URL - used to transfer data to and from servers

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16
Q

iptables - networking

A

configures the kernel firewall chains and rules to manage inbound/outbound mail

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17
Q

nmap -networking

A

network map - network application tool and security/port scanner

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18
Q

df - performance

A

disk free - displays available disk space

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19
Q

du - performance

A

disk usage - file space usage

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20
Q

top - performance

A

displays processes q

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21
Q

ps - performance

A

process status - provides info on currently running processes

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22
Q

kill -performance

A

kill - terminate a process

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23
Q

killall - performance

A

killall - kills all processes by name

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24
Q

vmstat - performance

A

virtual memory statistics - IO/CPU/MEM monitoring utility

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25
strace - performance
strace - trace system calls and signals
26
cp - files, folders, scripts
copy files and directories
27
scp - files, folders, scripts
secure copy - copy over ssh
28
mvless - files, folders, scripts
move files from one place to another
29
less - files, folders, scripts
used to read contents of a file one page at a time
30
cat - files, folders, scripts
concatenate - reads data from files and outputs their content
31
chmod - files, folders, scripts
change mode - change access mode of a file (permissions)
32
chown - files, folders, scripts
change owner - change the owner of a file or directory
33
file - files, folders, scripts
determines file type
34
find - files, folders, scripts
searches in real-time, slower but more up to date
35
ls - files, folders, scripts
list files/directories within a current working directory
36
ll - files, folders, scripts
long list
37
lsof - files, folders, scripts
list open files
38
locate - files, folders, scripts
searches using previously generated database. much faster that "locate" but uses an older database.
39
mkdir - files, folders, scripts
make directory - creates directories
40
tail - files, folders, scripts
prints last lines of a file
41
tar - files, folders, scripts
creates a compressed file called a tarball
42
head - folders, files, scripts
prints first lines of a file
43
gzip - files, folders, scripts
compresses files
44
gunzip - files, folders, scripts
expands compressed gzip files
45
diff - files, folders, scripts
used in comparing the differences in files line by line
46
rm - files, folders, scripts
remove files and directories
47
emacs - files, folders, scripts
family of text editors
48
vi - files, folders, scripts
visual instrument - text editor for programs and scripts
49
zcat - files, folders, scripts
compress or expand files
50
touch - files, folders, scripts
creates a file
51
wc - files, folders, scripts
word count
52
which - files, folders, scripts
identify the location of executables and shows full path of the shell commands
53
md5sum - files, folders, scripts
calculates and verifies 128 bit MD5 hashes
54
stdin - files, folders, scripts
standard input - carries data from a user to a program
55
stdout - files, folders, scripts
standard output - writes data that was generated by a program
56
stderr - files, programs, scripts
standard error - errors generated by a program that failed at some point
57
awk - general linux
pattern scanning and processing message
58
dmesg - general linux
print or control the kernel ring buffer
59
screen - general linux
allows split screen running several processes at once
60
cd - general Linux
change directory - change working directory
61
pwd - general Linux
print working directory
62
sudo - general Linux
superuser do - give specific users permission to run specific system commands at the root level
63
uptime - general Linux
prints device uptime - how long the system has been running, number of logged on users and system load averages
64
wall - general Linux
write to all - displays/sends msg to all logged in users
65
history - general Linux
shows previous commands used by a user
66
halt - general Linux
stops processes- instructs the HW to stop all CPU functions
67
hostname - general Linux
prints system hostname
68
reboot - general Linux
sends signal to reboot, halt, or power off.
69
shutdown - general Linux
send a shutdown signal - schedules a time for system to power down
70
watch - general Linux
execute a program periodically
71
grep - general Linux
global regular expression print - searches a file for a specific pattern and displays all lines that contain it
72
egrep - general Linux
extended global regular expression print - when you need to use the extended version of grep but with some extra metacharacters
73
zgrep - general Linux
grep for compressed files
74
date - general Linux
displays system date and time or used to change system time
75
reiserfsck - general Linux
file system check for Reiser file systems
76
fsck.xfs - general Linux
file system check for xfs file system
77
mount - general Linux
mount a file system also for SD card, USB storage etc
78
ntpdate - general Linux
used to sync date to an NTP server
79
whoami - general Linux
print user ID
80
uname - general Linux
print system information
81
last - general Linux
shows the list of the last users logged into the system
82
man - general Linux
manual - shows the manual pages for programs and commands
83
requeue inbound mail - specific to ESG
postsuper -r ALL
84
delete all messages from the queue - specific to ESG
postsuper -c /home/emailswitch/code/firmware/current/etc/ -d ALL
85
config_change - specific to ESG
modifies entries in MySQL database
86
config_read - specific to ESG
prints entries in MySQL database
87
count_in - specific to ESG
displays number of messages in inbound queue
88
count_out - specific to ESG
displays number of messages in outbound queue
89
ldapwalk.pl - specific to ESG
used for testing LDAP settings, connections, looks for a user on a connected server.
90
fadctl - specific to ESG
used for checking .fad RBL files
91
ldapsearch- specific to ESG
used for testing and pulling LDAP information
92
support-tunnel.cgi - specific to ESG
used for managing and configuring support tunnels. opening them from a browser or keeping them open
93
tunnels.pl - specific to ESG
used to iterate over each system in a cluster and opens a tunnel
94
revert.pl - specific to ESG
used to revert back to a previous definition
95
service - specific to ESG
use for calling a service and changing its state/config
96
bstat - specific to ESG
used to check Bayesian database stats
97
bscore - specific to ESG
used to check for Bayesian database global or user score
98
remove_invalid.pl - specific to ESG
used to remove duplicate or invalid config entries
99
mod_hash.util - specific to ESG
used for custom rule lookups like RBL listings
100
deliver_mstore.pl - specific to ESG
redelivers messages stored in /email/mstore
101
mstoreforward.pl - specific to ESG
redelivers single message to specific email address
102
postsuper - specific to ESG
used to requeue messages
103
qm.pl - specific to ESG
queue management tool- used to delete, hold, or move message between in and out queue
104
& - special characters used in bash and shell
ampersand - run processes in the background
105
| - special characters used in bash and shell
pipe - sends the output of one program to another program for further processing.
106
> - special characters used in bash and shell
redirection operator - used to overwrite
107
>> - special characters used in bash and shell
redirection operator - used to append (add/attach)
108
' - special characters used in bash and shell | single quote
single quote - enclosing characters in a single quote preserves their literal value
109
" - special characters used in bash and shell | double quote
double quote - preserves the literal value of all the characters in the quote
110
` - special characters used in bash and shell | backtick
back tick - is executed by the shell before the main command
111
smtpctl - responsibilities of each service
SMTP service
112
smctl - responsibilities of each service
SSH master
113
httpctl - responsibilities of each service
webserver
114
intentctl - responsibilities of each service
intent analysis
115
lmctl - responsibilities of each service
log monitor
116
qhctl - responsibilities of each service
quarantine helper
117
rverifyctl - responsibilities of each service
recipient verification
118
sasctl - responsibilities of each service
SASL Auth Service
119
stunnelctl - responsibilities of each service
support tunnel service
120
throttlectl - responsibilities of each service
rate control service
121
apache - responsibilities of each service
web service agent
122
How to address the following situations - | Restart recipient verification while in debug mode
verifyctl -D restart
123
How to address the following situations - | Ensure recipient verification always starts when in debug mode
vi /home/emailswitch/code/firmware/current/sbin/reverifyctl | change line 12 to DEBUG=1
124
How to address the following situations - | How to turn on and off web debugging on firmware versions 4.x and below.
touch /tmp/web.debug /etc/init.d/apache restart tail -f /tmp/web_error_log
125
How to address the following situations - | why would you decrease an MTU?
max transmission unit - because of slower packet delivery and needing to resend the entire packet. Decreasing it speeds the packet delivery
126
How to address the following situations - | When would a smarthost be used?
when a customer needs outbound mail relay set up
127
How to address the following situations - | Explain to a customer what a default gateway is.
serves as a default forwarding host to other networks when no other route info matches the destination IP of the packet.
128
How to address the following situations - | Copy an SSL cert from 1 ESG to another.
cat /home/emailswitch/code/config/ssl_signed_cert.pem hightlight and copy everything vi /home/emailswitch/code/config/ssl_signed_cert.pem paste Then mtactl restart, smtpctl restart, service apache restart
129
How to address the following situations - | Configure emails to be blocked based on given scenario
anything in the block/accept tab
130
How to address the following situations - | Turn on Energizer Updates
Basic > Status - to activate subscription | Advanced > Energize Updates - to update
131
How to address the following situations - | Configure an ESG to use TLS
Advanced > Secure Admin Upload cert > copy and paste into /home/emailswitch/code/config/ssl_signed_cert.pem Advanced > Email Protocol (then SMTP over TLS)
132
How to address the following situations - | Configure a cluster
Advanced > Clustering > needs to be same model number and same firmware > make sure both ESGs have same clustered shared secret > Make sure ports 443, 8000, 8002 are open between the 2 ESGs > Add the IP address of the first ESG into the Join Cluster field on the Advanced/Clustering page of the 2nd ESG's interface > then click join cluster option.
133
How to address the following situations - | Restart a service
service restart
134
How to address the following situations - | Errors noticed when reading tcpdump - wireshark
locating failed connections - look for SYNS, ACKS, FINS Malformed packets, window sizes being out of whack, connecting interruptions, etc. Wireshark - color codes packets black and red which usually means a bad sign.
135
How to address the following situations - | Identify actions that would be taken from mail servers connecting to ESG
``` Initial connection greeting ehlo/helo TLS negotiation recipient verification mail transfer ```
136
Type of Info Found in the Following Logs - | /home/product
config, definitions, firmware, | cdf
137
Type of Info Found in the Following Logs - | /mail/log/info
processed mail information | pmi
138
Type of Info Found in the Following Logs - | /mail/log/warnings
warning log for processed mail - hardware errors
139
Type of Info Found in the Following Logs - | /mail/log/errors
error log for processed mail - service logs entries
140
Type of Info Found in the Following Logs - | /home/emailswitch/code/firmware/current/web/cgi-bin
/home/emailswitch/code/firmware/current/web/cgi-bin - | reloads the config database
141
Type of Info Found in the Following Logs - | What is the difference between a Hub and a Switch?
A hub is dumb. Plug computers into a hub for a LAN. A switch can do the same thing but is smarter and with software it can learn.

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