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A-level DT > Timbers > Flashcards

Timbers Flashcards

(46 cards)

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1
Q

What is a Coniferous tree

A

A coniferous tree is a tree that grows fast and has a looser grain and therefore produces softwood.

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2
Q

What is a Deciduous tree

A

Deciduous trees are trees that grow slowly and have a dense grain and so they produce hardwoods.

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3
Q

What is Plywood

A

Plywood is a type of manufactured board that is multiple layers of cross grain wood glued together, can be easy to bend and is quite strong.

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4
Q

What is Chipboard

A

Chipboard is a type of manufactured board that is made up of wood chips glued together, it is hard and strong and easy to finish.

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5
Q

What is Sterling board

A

Sterling board is a type of manufactured board that is hard heavy and strong.

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6
Q

What is Block board

A

Block board is stronger and heavier type of plywood due to the solid timber core with veneers laid on each edge

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7
Q

What is Hardboard

A

Hardboard is a type of manufactured board that is light quite hard and finishes well.

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8
Q

Name 6 timber stock forms

A

Rough sawn, Planed squared edge, Planed all round, Manufactured boards, Mouldings, Natural timber

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9
Q

Name 6 Hardwoods

A

Oak, ash, mahogany, teak, birch, beech

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10
Q

Name 6 softwoods

A

Pine, spruce, fir, redwood, cedar, larch

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11
Q

Name 6 manufactured boards

A

Plywood, chipboard, MDF, Sterling board, block board, hardboard

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12
Q

Why are natural woods less consistent than natural boards

A

Strength is effected by moisture
Highly combustible
More susceptible to insect or fungal attack
Is easier to break along the grain (anisotropic)

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13
Q

Why is copper based materials often used in wood preservatives

A

It is naturally occurring and has anti-fungal properties

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14
Q

How is wood most often enhanced+explain

A

Veneering
A slice of wood with grain glued onto the top of a wood panel and used to give nice finishes.

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15
Q

What is the difference between a wastage and addition process

A

A wastage process takes away from a piece of material
whereas an addition process adds more material to it-usually in a joint

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16
Q

Name 3 joints used in woodwork

A

Comb joint (dovetail)
Dowel joint
Mitre joint
Mortise and tenon

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17
Q

What are knock down fittings

A

Knock down fittings are fitting that are designed to be able to come apart and be easy to re-assemble.
This makes the item easier to transport as it can be collapsed e.g. ikea furniture

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18
Q

What is dry rot

A

Dry rot is the rot caused by poor seasoning which results in extra moisture-the rot is caused when the moisture exceeds 20%

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19
Q

What is woodworm

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A

Woodwork is when timber decays due to small beetles eating away at the wood and leave frass/wood dust behind

20
Q

What is milling

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A

Milling is the process that cuts out a desired groove or cavity with a spinning piece in a path dictated by CAM-it can also change depth so the groove or cavity can be cut deeper at different parts

21
Q

What is routing

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A

Routing is a process similar to milling but has a larger range of movement and can be used on larger objects

22
Q

What is turning (lathe)

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A

Turning is a process where the piece is spun at high speed and a fixed cutting tool is slowly moved into contact with the wood-can also be done with metal but it more dangerous

23
Q

What are the two types of seasoning

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A

Air seasoning and kiln seasoning

24
Q

What does seasoning wood do

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A

Greater immunity to rot and decay
Increased strength and stability
Helps preservatives to penetrate
Helps make wood less corrosive to metals

25
What is air and kiln seasoned wood used for
Air:outside Kiln:inside
26
What are some disadvantages of natural timber
Weaker when wet Highly combustible Highly susceptible to fungal or insect attack and rot Anisotropic-not equal strength all over
27
Describe rough sawn wood
Wood that comes directly from seasoning and still has rough edges from initial conversion
28
Describe planed squared edge
Wood that has one edge planed accurately but the rest is still rough sawn
29
Describe planed all round
Planed all round is wood that is planed all over to give it a smooth finish-this usually takes 3mm off each side
30
What is SCL and LVL and what is it used in
Structural composite lumber and laminated veneer lumber-used in buildings and construction due to its even strength and being less prone to defects
31
What are 3 reasons why wood might be finished
Preventing water absorption Protection against decay Protection against insect attack Enhance appearance
32
What is a stain
A stain is like a paint but it still shows off the grain of the wood, however it is not very protective
33
What are three wood finishes that can be used to protect the wood from the weather
Polyurethane varnish Water based paints Pressure treating Yacht varnish Danish oil Teak oil
34
What is a butt joint
A butt joint is where two faces of wood are put into contact with an adhesive in between
35
What is a dowel joint
A dowel joint is when two faces of wood are put into contact with small hardwood pegs-dowels- machined into both faces of the wood to help hold it together-can be used with adhesive too
36
What is a mitre joint
A mitre joint is when two pieces are put into contact and glued however the pieces are sawn at an angle (usually 45°) so that when the joint is put together it makes an angled joint-used for picture frames
37
What is a comb and dovetail joint
A comb joint is when the ends of two pieces are cut to have interspersed ends which can then be slotted together and glued which yields a stronger joint due to higher surface area Dovetail is the same thing except the ends will be angles so there is mechanical strength as well as adhesive
38
What is a mortise and tenon joint
A joint where one piece of wood has a rectangular housing-known as a mortise and the other piece has a rectangular end sticking out-known as a tenon Then adhesive is spread (usually in the mortise) and the joint is clamped together
39
What is a housing joint
One piece of wood has a groove routed which is the same width as the depth of the second piece Then the second piece is inserted, can be with glue if it is wanted to be a permanent joint
40
What is a half lap joint
When both pieces have half of the depth sawn off and then lay on top of each other then they can be glued or machined together
41
What are some examples of knock down fittings and briefly explain
Modesty blocks-small polymer block that holds screws and allows them to be taken out Barrel nut and bolt-a cross dowel and bolt is inserted and then tightened with an Allen key Cam-lock connector-a metal dowel is drilled into the side of a piece and then a cam hole is drilled and a cam is put around the dowel-when the cam is rotated the dowel can come out
42
What are the three types of turning
Turning on a: Face plate-the timber is fixed on one face and spun the circumference is spun-used for bowls Chuck-the timber is held between a set of jaws so it can be machined while turned Between centres-work is held on a central axis where it is turned upon and the diameter is reduced-used for table legs
43
What is lamination
Lamination is the process of bonding materials, typically wood veneers and wood layers
44
What is steam bending
Steam bending is when combined steam and heat make a wood more malleable to bend along the grain and the wood is bent in a former when in this state. Then the wood is left to cool and the former is taken off
45
What does PVA stand for
Polyvinyl acetate
46
What is jig or fixture
A jig and fixture both hold work in place while it is being worked on A jig guides the tool also

A-level DT (12 decks)

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