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Timbers- Sources and Origins Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

Trees are a………………

A

Primary Source

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2
Q

How much of the land is covered in forests

A

30%

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3
Q

Where do softwoods mainly come from

A

Cool northern parts of Europe, Canada and Russia

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4
Q

Where are hardwoods grown

A

Central Europe, West Africa and Central + South America

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5
Q

What is FSC

A

International organisation dedicated to promoting responsible management of world forests

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6
Q

What do FSC ensure

A

Forests are replanted once trees have been cut down , so an ethical and environmentally way

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7
Q

How long does softwood take to grow

A

30 years

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8
Q

How long do hardwood take to grow

A

80-100 years

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9
Q

Once felled the logs are transported to the………………where they are converted into usable planks

A

Saw mill

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10
Q

What is a baulk cut

A

Simples form of conversion

Trunk is cut into a square

This removes the bark and opens up the trunk

Lot of waste

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11
Q

What is a baulk cut used for

A

Beams in framed buildings

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12
Q

What are through and through cuts

A 
Most popular form of conversion 
Involves cutting trunk into planks
Simple and cost effective
Can lead to wrapping and twisting
Commonly used for softwoods
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13
Q

What is through and through cuts used for

A

General joinery purposes

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14
Q

What is a taginental cut

A

trunk is cut tagintelialy to the circular trunk

Produces an attractive gran pattern

Wood less likely to wrap or twist

Can be used for both HW and SW

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15
Q

What are tangental cuts used for

A

Furniture or where the grain is important

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16
Q

What is a quarter cut

A 
Complex mix of conversion
produces a lot of waste
Expensive
Big impact on environment
Trunk is cut radial from the centre
Generally used for expensive hardwoods
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17
Q

What are quarter cuts used for

A

High quality furniture

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18
Q

Newly converted timber contains a lot of………..and is known as green timber

A

Moisture

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19
Q

What does high water in timber mean

A

Wood difficult to saw or plane

Heavier to transport

Wrap and twist and split if left in this state. Also vunvrable to rotting and insect attack

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20
Q

How do you reduce the moisture content in timbers

A

Seasoning

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21
Q

What is air seasoning

A

Aim to reduce the moisture of the wood by letting air flow around it in a controlled way

Cost effective but takes a considerably longer time than kiln seasoning, it can take a year to season a 25mm thick plank of wood

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22
Q

How does air seasoning work

A

Planks are carefully stacked inside a building that has a roof but open on all sides

The roof will keep off the rain and snow but the open sids allow the air to circulate around the boards

The planks are separated by stickers and the stack of board is kept pff the floor by being placed on brick piers

As the air flows around the stack it will very slowly dry out the planks

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23
Q

What is kiln seasoning

A

Reduce the moisture content of the wood by gradually reducing the moisture content of steam that is fed into the kiln

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24
Q

How does kiln seasoning work

A

A stack of timber is mounted onto a trolley that is wheeled into a kiln

The kiln is fully enclosed and has steam fed into it

As the moisture content of the steam is reduced it dries the timber

This is significantly quicker than air seasoning

it is controllable but has a higher financial and environmental cost

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25
Manufactured boards are......available
Readily
26
How are plywood and chipboard formed
Plywood and chipboard by glueing wood layers or wood fibres together Often use waste wood Plywood - gluing 3 or more veneers of wood together at 90 degree angles from the previous alter to increase strength Chipboard- gluing wood chips together
27
How is MDF made
Competing wood particles and gluing them together
28
What is Aeroply wood
MDF - type that comes in thinner sheets
29
What does Brio use to manufacture their children's toys
Beech
30
What is chipboard used for
Flat pack furniture for it's density perfect for CNC machining due to it's lack of grain and it can have a decorated veneer added from protection from moisture as chipboard is impermeable
31
Why is Brio made out of beech
Tight grain - can withstand getting dropped or chewed Takes paint well Tough Durable
32
Wood is...........which means it can absorb moisture which can affect it in various ways
Hygroscopic
33
What can wood that is drying out do
``` Wrap Twist Bow Cup If the drying out process is not managed ```
34
Wood that is venerable to moisture will be prone to....
Rot
35
What is the best material for marking out wood
Soft lead pencil - nit score the surface
36
the steel rule is more.........and less likely to snap or break
Durable
37
What is a try-square
Will produce an accurate 90˚ angle line and will improve the accuracy of your work when marking out
38
Want is a hand saw used for
Cutting thick pieces of wood or large sheets Cuts generally quickly but produces an coarse, rough edge Not as accurate as a tenon saw
39
What is a tenon saw used for
Commonly used saw in the workshop Accurate straight lines Smooth cut
40
What is the coping saw used for
Cutting curves in wood Cuts fine cuts but not easy to control and the blades are fin so easily broken, but the saw design mans that they can be easily replaced too.
41
What is a surform or a rasp
Similar to a file but has much coarser teeth
42
What is a wood plane
Slice thin shavings of wood All panning should be done in the same direction as the grain of the surface will tear.
43
What are the Jack planes used for
Used to flatten woods and smooth the edges
44
A fornser buit will produce a .........., ........hole with a ........bottom
large Clean Flat
45
Hole saw will produce a......hole but the finished hole will not be as clean and it will cut all the way through the material
Large
46
What are temporary joints
Joints that can be taken part such as screws nuts and bolts
47
What are permanent joints
Joints such as glued joints
48
What is a carcase joint
e.g butt joint - easy to produce but not praticualy strong
49
What are stool joints
These should be used to connect a leg rail such as stools, tables and chairs
50
What is frame construction
Used to produce panels, door frames and window frames Mortise and tendon joint might be used for greater strength
51
What is PVA
Most popular wood working glue Good amount of slip time and gives a very strong bond Takes 24h to dry fully
52
What is contact adhesive
provides an almost instant joint Spread thinly over a wood Not as strong as PVA Irritant and highly flammable
53
What are timber going components
Increase the strength of a structure or add functionality of a product
54
What are wood screws used for
Join two pieces of timber together Can be removed easily to dismantle parts
55
What are wood screws usually made of
Steel coated in Zinc to prevent corrosion
56
Hinges are used where a part needs to move in a.....
Arc
57
What is a Butt hinge
Most widely used Jewellery boxes Used on doors but usually recessed into the wooden surface Needs to be precisely aligned
58
What is a Concealed Hinge
Used in kitchen and cabinet doors Usually sprung so it can self close Easy to adjust to help alignment of doors
59
What is a Piano Hinge
Like a Butt Hinge but comes in one long length which can be cut to size Used on lids such as a piano
60
What is a Flush Hinge
Fitted between a door and a frame like a Butt Hinge but not usually recessed Easier to fit Looks less attractive
61
What is a knock down fitting
Those that can be put together easily with a few basic tools Often supplied with flat pack furniture
62
What is a corner block
Simple way to join two boards together at 90˚ The block fits into the corner and 3 screws are drilled in Easy to use but less attractive because they are very visible
63
What is a Cam Lock
Stronger and more attractive way of joining a cabinet together A leg is fitted into a hole at the end of the shelf A cam is fitted into a larger hole and drilled into the surface of the shelf As the cam is rotated, it grips and holds the cabinet against the shelf
64
What is a Scan fitting
A way of joining two parts at 90˚ An aluminium barrel is fitted into a pre drilled hole in the side of the frame Allan key then used
65
What is a corner plate
Quick way to join a table leg to a frame | The plate is screwed not the two parts and pulls tight
66
What shapes are timber generally supplied in
Planks Boards Strips Squares
67
Timber generally comes.................straight from the saw mill but sometimes they are given a smooth surface
Rough sawn
68
What is Planned All Round (PAR)
All the sides and edges are planned square, straight and level leaving a smooth finish
69
What is Planned Both Sides (PBS)
Both sides are planed but not the edges they are left rough sawn
70
What is Planed Square Edge (PSE)
Only one edge is planed accurately
71
What is Rough Sawn
The wood has a rough surface provided by a circular ban saw although they are generally straight and level
72
Planed timber is more.............
Expensive

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