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DT > TIMBERS - Sources of Timber > Flashcards

TIMBERS - Sources of Timber Flashcards

(73 cards)

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1
Q

What are the two types of timber?

A

natural timber (hardwood & softwood) and manufactured timber

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2
Q

what are hardwoods?

A

Woods that come from deciduous trees with broad leaves (they loose their leaves in the winter).

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3
Q

what are the qualities of hardwood trees?

A

They take a long time to grow, so they are rarely planted and are expensive
Their growth rings are much smaller that softwood (they grow slowly), making the grain closer
They grow in tropical regions and temperate climates. Eg Amazonian Forest and Europe

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4
Q

what are softwoods?

A

Woods that come from coniferous trees with needle-like leaves (the leaves normally stay on during the winter).

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5
Q

what are the qualities of softwood trees?

A

They grow quickly, so are often commercially grown and are cheaper than hardwoods.
Their growth rings are much wider than hardwoods, so the grain is wider. (since they grow quickly)
They grow in colder regions such as the Alpine climates.

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6
Q

what are manufactured timbers?

A

timbers made from leftover wood such as sawdust and wood chippings

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7
Q

what are the advantages of manufactured timbers over natural timbers?

A

they can be made into large sheets rather than being restricted to the size of a tree trunk
they are cheaper than natural timbers as they are made from waste wood
no weak point as there is no grain

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8
Q

what type of wood is beech?

A

hardwood

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9
Q

what type of wood is mahogany?

A

hardwood

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10
Q

what type of wood is oak?

A

hardwood

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11
Q

what type of wood is balsa?

A

hardwood

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12
Q

what type of wood is jelutong?

A

hardwood

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13
Q

what type of wood is birch?

A

hardwood

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14
Q

what type of wood is ash?

A

hardwood

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15
Q

what type of wood is pine?

A

softwood

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16
Q

what type of wood is cedar?

A

softwood

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17
Q

what type of wood is larch?

A

softwood

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18
Q

what type of wood is MDF?

A

Manufactured

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19
Q

what does MDF stand for?

A

Medium-density fibreboard

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20
Q

what type of wood is plywood?

A

manufactured

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21
Q

what type of wood is chipboard?

A

manufcatured

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22
Q

Working properties of beech

A

tough
hard
close/dense grain
finishes well
durable

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23
Q

working properties of mahogany

A

hard
close/dense grain
finishes well

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24
Q

working properties of oak

A

tough
hard
(close/dense grain)
finishes well
durable

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25
working properties of balsa
lightweight easy to form soft
26
working properties of jelutong
(close/dense grain) soft
27
working properties of birch
hard close/dense grain durable
28
working properties of ash
tough hard (close/dense grain) (lightweight) good elasticity/flexibility finishes well durable
29
working properties of pine
lightweight but durable
30
working properties of cedar
lightweight (more expensive than pine but not as durable)
31
working properties of larch
tough lightweight durable
32
working properties of MDF
easy to finish absorbs moisture (not suitable for outdoor use)
33
working properties of plywood
good elasticity/flexibility easy to finish
34
working properties of chipboard
good elasticity/flexibility
35
tough ...
will withstand knocks and bumps does not break/dent/bruise
36
hard ...
withstand rubbing/wearing/abrasion will not wear away/rub/damage/will last a long time
37
close/dense grain ...
will not splinter easily does not cause harm/injury to the user
38
lightweight ...
will not add too much weight on the structure will not put unnecessary weight on the foundation
39
good elasticity/flexibility ...
will bend and flex a little bit therefore absorbing some of the impact/shock
40
finishes well ...
results in a nice smooth surface that can be varnished/waxed improves lifespan
41
durable ...
withstand wear, pressure or damage will not damage/will last a long time
42
which woods come from the alpine forests
pine, cedar, larch
43
which woods come from european forests
oak, beech, ash, birch
44
which wood comes from amazonian forests
mahogany
45
how is MDF made?
tiny particles of timber are compressed together with a resin adhesive
46
how is plywood made?
layers of veneer are glued at 90° angles, for strength
47
how is chipboard made?
many tiny chips of timber are mixed with glue and compressed into sheets
48
what is a knot?
a knot in timber marks where a branch one grew out on the tree
49
knots often ...
fall out of planks so it is preferable to use timber without knots, unless for decorative purpose
50
what are the ways that colour can be used in a product?
to make different parts stand out for aesthetic purposes to make the product seem of a higher quality
51
how can the colour of a plank be altered?
through wax, varnishes, stains and paints
52
both hardwoods and softwoods produce a new layer under their bark each year called a ...
growth ring
53
for hardwoods the growth rings are ...
closer together
54
or softwoods the growth rings are ...
further apart
55
hardwoods have two long vessels known as ...
fibres and pores
56
fibres are ...
cells within the wood that can be extracted to make other products such as paper
57
pores are ...
vessels that allow water to travel within the tree. they appear as tiny holes
58
often pores need to be ...
filled with wood filler to create a smooth finish
59
heartwood is the ...
centre of the tree
60
sapwood is the ...
outside layer of the tree
61
hardness is ...
the ability to withstand cutting and scratching to resist mechanical indentation or abrasion
62
toughness is ...
the ability of a material to absorb energy and deform without fracturing to withstand being hit
63
durability is ..
the ability of a material to withstand wear, pressure or damage to last a long time
64
elasticity is ...
the ability of a material to return to its original shape after being stretched or compressed
65
tensile strength is ...
the ability of a material to resist breaking under tension (being pulled)
66
compressive strength is ...
the ability of a material to resist breaking under compression (under a crushing force)
67
what is trend forecasting?
trend forecasting is when manufactures and retailers try to predict the trends over the following years so that they can design and make products that people will want in the future. -social footprint
68
what is the impact of logging on communities?
provides employment but many lose their homes and their traditional way of life, wildlife is also destroyed which many communities rely on for food - social footprint
69
timber can be disposed through ...
burning to create heat, which is useful if well-managed letting it biodegrade and rot away over time
70
timber can be recycled through ...
using the waste wood from it and turing it into chipboard or MDF reusing the timber for something else e.g sawing it into smaller pieces and using it elsewhere
71
timber can not be disposed like metal and plastics which ...
are melted and re-moulded
72
the ecological footprint of a product is the ...
amount of global resources used to make it
73
need to do
ecological footbprint

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