Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PSY246 - Social > Time Orientation And Health > Flashcards

Time Orientation And Health Flashcards

(46 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is time orientation?

A

The tendency to be motivated by one temporal frame over others when making decisions (past, present and future)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Zimbardo and Boyd (1999)

A

If you favour one temporal frame over another when making decisions, the preferred temporal frame serves as a cognitive temporal bias that, with chronic use over time, becomes a trait-like tendency motivating behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The self over time

A

William James
Different self everyday
Ability to perceive an unbrokenness in the stream of selves despite the temporal positioning of the self

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Self-Continuity

A

Integration of these temporally partitioned selves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Why is time orientation important for health?

A

Physical inactivity and unhealthy diet are major contributors to the obesity epidemic worldwide
Obesity is a precursor to many chronic diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Time orientation is primarily linked to health via its associations with what types of health behaviours?

A

Preventative health behaviours
Health-promoting behaviours
Health risky behaviours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Preventative health behaviours examples

A

Cancer and diabetes screening

Suncream use

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Health-promoting behaviours examples

A

Healthy eating
Exercise
Stress management

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Health risky behaviours examples

A

Smoking
Alcohol use
Substance abuse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Preventative health behaviours are a ____ time-orientation

A

Future

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Health promoting behaviours are a ____ time-orientation

A

Future

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Health risky behaviours are a ____ and _____ time-orientation

A

Past

Present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does CFC stand for?

A

Consideration of future consequences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Orbell & Haggar (2006) temporal message framing for type 2 diabetes screening

A

210 adults
High-CFC individuals were expected to be more sensitive to distant consequences that are both positive and negative
Low-CFC individuals were expected to be more sensitive to immediate consequences that are both positive and negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Different attitudes in Orbell and Haggar (2006)

A

Short term negative = have to undergo unpleasant and inconvenient procedures immediately

Long term positive = peace of mind about their health for years to come

Short term positive = immediate peace of mind about their health

Long term negative = worry about their condition and have to change their lifestyle for the rest of their life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Orbell & Haggar (2006) temporal message framing for type 2 diabetes screening - results

A

Low-CFC individuals were more persuaded when positive consequences were short term and negative consequences were long term

High-CFC individuals were more persuaded when positive consequences were long term and negative consequences were short term

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is procrastination?

A

Common self-regulatory problem involving the unnecessary and voluntary delay of important intended tasks despite the recognition that this delay may have negative consequences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Procrastination occurs for tasks that are…

A

Boring
Frustrating
Lacking meaning and/or structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does emotional distress make chronic procrastinators do?

Study These Flashcards
A

Regulating immediate mood is prioritised over taking instrumental action towards achieving goals

20
Q

Procrastination and the temporally extended self

Study These Flashcards
A

Past self makes intention to act but does not
Onus is on future self to do so
Future self becomes present self
Present self has to deal with unfinished task
Believes future self can take care of it and so puts it off and off

21
Q

Sirois (2014) correlation of future self and procrastination

Study These Flashcards
A

Correlation of future time perspective and trait (chronic) procrastination -.45
Not totally present focussed just not future focused

22
Q

Future self-continuity

Study These Flashcards
A

The idea that we feel close to our future self

Measured on venn diagrams

23
Q

Sirois (2014) perceptions of future self study 1

Study These Flashcards
A

Community adults
Correlation of -.24 between procrastination and closeness to future self
High procrastinators don’t feel close to their future self

24
Q

Sirois (2014) perceptions of future self study 2

Study These Flashcards
A

Online survey
General procrastination scale (Lay, 1986)
Wellness behaviours inventory (Sirois, 2003)
Looked at different time scales, week, month, year
Trait procrastination was related to health promoting behaviours
Explained in part by their feelings of emotional closeness towards their future self

25
Stress orientation hypothesis
Stress-initiated cognitive shifts orient focus away from distal and towards more immediate concerns Activation of brain areas involved in threat detection (amygdala) Narrows our time-orientation to focus on the stressor, harder to think about the future
26
Procrastination is linked to
Delays in making medical appointments Practicing fewer health promoting and protective behaviours Higher stress Greater number of health problems
27
Sirois et al (2003) procrastination health model
Wellness behaviours didn't explain the link between procrastination and illness Partly explained by treatment delay and stress
28
Factors for chronic illness...
Genetics Environmental/social Behavioural
29
Wilson and Ross (2001) temporal self-appraisal theory
Tendency to derogate distant past selves and praise recent past selves Students that were prompted to view their beginning of term past self as further in the past rated them more negatively that those prompted to view them as closer
30
Psychological distance = ?
Perceived distance
31
Peetz & Wilson (2012) - temporal landmarks
Temporally extended selves are perceived as more distant and dissimilar from current self when an intervening landmark event has been made salient
32
Hall, Fong and Sansone (2015) hypothesis
Future orientation would predict greater health behaviours and effects would be stronger for males than females (study 1) Those with more future oriented perspective would have lower BMI, explained by diet and exercise
33
Hall, Fong and Sansone (2015) results
People with more future-oriented time perspective engaged in healthy behavioural practices These practices explained in part the lower BMI of future oriented individuals
34
Orbell & Haggar (2006) novel finding
Framing health behaviour messages in terms of short-term benefits may be effective in motivating health behaviour change in present-oriented individuals because it fosters a positive attitude towards the behaviour
35
How is procrastination linked to physical health?
Direct stress pathway | Indirect treatment delay pathway
36
How is time-orientation implicated in the health outcomes associated with procrastination?
Procrastination is associated with short-term mood regulation over long-term consequences Procrastinators more susceptible to giving in to unhealthy temptations that interfere with health promoting behaviours Stress created by this can also have negative health consequences
37
Chronic illness provides a context of ____ and ____ to the _____
Continuity Challenge Self-system
38
Sirois & Hirsch (2013) sample
Prospective online study with 6-month follow up Sample 1 - 420 people with IBD (follow up = 152) Sample 2 - 423 people with any type of arthritis (follow up = 168)
39
Sirois & Hirsch (2013) methods
Recent condition = asked to think about a point in the recent past, 6 months ago when they completed the first study Distant condition = asked to think ALL THE WAY BACK to 6 months ago, what were they like WAY BACK THEN Asked to judge how far away when they completed the first survey felt and asked if anything big had happened in that time (temporal landmark)
40
Sirois & Hirsch (2013) results
No significant difference between the recent and distant conditions and how far away they felt Temporal distance theory doesn't hold in terms of chronic illness Significant difference between how far they felt from their past self if they had a temporal landmark or not Presence of a landmark made them feel like the past self was further away
41
Jylha (2009) factors that contribute to how people rate their current health
What we mean by health Past health Mental state Cultural perceptions of health
42
Self-rated health and personality
Two samples of arthritis and IBD sufferers Controlled for education, age, current health and fatigue Fatigue explained 11% and 17% of future health Agreeableness and neuroticism explained additional variance (4%) Optimism levels explained why A & N were linked to future self-rated health
43
Hall et al (2012) type II diabetes management and time-perspective - what they wanted to examine
Examined the role of behavioural intentions in explaining the link between time-perspective and two weight-management behaviours in individuals newly diagnosed with diabetes
44
Hall et al (2012) type II diabetes management and time-perspective results
Physical activity - positive relationship between future-time orientation and physical activity (mediated by intention) Dietary choices - negative relationship between future-time perspective and fatty food consumption (mediated by intentions) Future orientation is associated with better health behaviours
45
Is procrastination a vulnerability factor for hypertension and cardiovascular disease?
Both stress and poor health behaviours are implicated in the development and exacerbation of a number of major chronic illnesses Procrastination associated with low conscientiousness and agreeableness, both of which linked to poor CV health Poor coping may increase vulnerability in individuals with HT/CVD
46
Sirois (2015) procrastination health model
Trait procrastination scores predicted being in the CVD/HT group Ppts with HT/CVD had a stronger association with maladaptive coping behaviours than healthy controls Ppts with HT/CVD had significantly larger indirect effects on stress through maladaptive coping than healthy controls

PSY246 - Social (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions