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A&P Lecture Histology > Tissue (Connective Tissue) > Flashcards

Tissue (Connective Tissue) Flashcards

1
Q

What are connective tissues subdivided into

A

Connective tissue proper and specialized connective tissue

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2
Q

What are the functions of connective tissue

A

-connecting and binding: anchor tissue layers in organs and link organs together

-support: bone and cartilage support weight of body

-protection: bone tissue protects internal organs; cartilage and fat provides shock absorption; components of immune system are throughout connective tissue

-Transport: blood is fluid connective tissue; main transport medium in body

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3
Q

What does connective tissue proper contain

A

It contains adipose tissue.

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4
Q

What is white adipose tissue

A

-predominant fat tissue
-looks white
-adipocytes with one big lipid inclusion in cytosol
-deep to skin
-visceral fat surrounds heart and abdominal organs
-in abdomen, breasts, hips, buttocks, and thighs

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5
Q

What is brown adipose tissue

A

-less common
-looks brown because of mitochondria in cytoplasm and blood supply
-has multiple lipid inclusions

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6
Q

What are the specialized connective tissues

A

Blood, bone tissue (osseous tissue), cartilage

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7
Q

Describe cartilage

A

Is in joints between blood, ear, nose and segments of respiratory tract

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8
Q

Describe bone tissue (osseous tissue)

A

-supports body
-protects vital organs
-provides attachment for muscles that allows movement
-stores calcium
-houses bone marrow (produces blood and stores fat)

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9
Q

Describe blood

A

-unique connective tissue with liquid ECM
-mostly water, ions, proteins, dissolved solutes

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10
Q

What are the cell types of connective tissue proper

A

Fibroblasts, adipocytes, mast cells, phagocytes, and other immune cells

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11
Q

What are adipocytes

A

-fat cells
-dominated by a large inclusion containing lipids
-nuclei and other organelles of adipocytes are squashed to perimeter of cell

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12
Q

What are mast cells

A

-largest resident cells in connective tissue
-cells of immune system that have cytosolic inclusions (granules) has inflammatory mediators
-releases granules when stimulated and inflammation results

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13
Q

What are phagocytes

A

-cells of immune system that ingests foreign substances, microorganisms, dead and damaged cells by phagocytosis

-macrophages is a phagocyte that is resident or migrant cells in connective tissue

-neutrophilis is a phagocytes that is a migrant immune fells

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14
Q

What are the 4 basic types of connective tissue proper

A

Loose connective tissue, dense connective tissue, reticular tissue, and adipose tissue

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15
Q

What is loose connective tissue (areolar connective tissue)

A

-has ground substance
-found deep to epithelium of skin, in membrane lining of body cavities, and as layers in walls of hollow organs
-supports and contains blood vessels and protects against invasion by microorganisms

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16
Q

What is dense connective tissue (fibrous connective tissue)

A

Subdivided into dense irregular, regular, collagenous, and regular elastic

-contains fibers

17
Q

What does dense irregular tissue

A

-collagen fiber
-resists tension in all three planes
-found in organs subjected to tension (dermis, organs, joints)

18
Q

What does dense regular collagenous connective tissue do

A

-thick collagen fiber that forms bundles
-resists tension in only one plane
-found in tissue subjected in one direction (tendons, ligaments)

19
Q

What does dense regular elastic tissue do

A

-has elastic fibers
-allows certain organs to stretch
-found in lining of large blood vessels and in certain ligaments ( spine)

20
Q

What does reticular tissue do

A

-form networks that support blood vessels and lymphatic vessels
-found in lymph nodes and spleen
-web-like nets that trap old and foreign cells
-houses white blood cells
-supports epithelia, liver, and bone narrow

21
Q

What does adipose tissue do

A

-has adipocytes, fibroblasts, and ECM
-insulation, warmth, shock absorption, protection, major energy reserve in the body

22
Q

What does cartilage do

A

-long, flexible tissue
-absorbs shock and resists tension, compression and shearing forces
-ECM has collagen, elastic fibers, proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans

23
Q

Is cartilage vascular or avascular

A

-avascular
-limited blood supply
-blood supply is limited in outer sheath (perichondrium) of dense irregular collagenous connective tissue

24
Q

What are the cell types that are part of cartilage

A

Chondrocytes and chondroblasts

25
Q

What are chondroblasts

A

Immature cells that divide by mitosis and makes up most of ECM

26
Q

What are chondrocytes

A

Mature cells that inhabit small cavities in the ECM

27
Q

What are the three classes of cartilage

A

Hyaline cartilage, fibrocartilage, elastic cartilage

28
Q

What does hyaline cartilage (articular cartilage) do

A

-glass-like appearance
-has big amounts of ground substance
-covers ends of bones
-provides support to sternum, respiratory tract, and nose

29
Q

What does fibrocartilage do

A

-filled with collagen fibers
-has fibroblasts
-has tensile strength and elasticity
-found in fibrous joints and in intervertebral discs

30
Q

What does elastic cartilage do

A

-limited to external ear and larynx
-Has elastic fibers
-Elastic fibers allows tissue to vibrate and help direction of sound by the larynx

31
Q

What does the bone do

A

-supports body, protects vital organs, place for attachment of muscles of voluntary movement, stores calcium, and houses bone marrow

-has organic and inorganic tissue. Organic has collagen fibers and osteoid (35% of body). Inorganic has calcium phosphate crystals (65%)

32
Q

What are the three cell types of mature bone tissues

A

Osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts

33
Q

What does osteoblasts do

A

-bone builder (process ot bone deposition)

34
Q

What do osteocytes do

A

-mature bone cells
-produce substances for bone maintenance, which is secreted by exocytosis

35
Q

What do osteoclasts do

A

-bone destroyers (process of bone resportion

A&P Lecture Histology (9 decks)

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