tissue healing

Question 1

what vascular events happen in the acute inflammatory phase

Answer 1

Vasoconstricton
Vasodiation

Question 2

Vasoconstriction

Answer 2

• platelet plug forms
• reinforced by fibrin mesh

Question 3

Vasodilation

Answer 3

• increased bloodflow causes redness and heat
• increases hydrostatic BP

Question 4

what are the cardinal signs of inflammation

theres 5

Answer 4

• pain
• redness
• swelling
• heat
• loss of function

Question 5

Causes of redness

Answer 5

vasodilation and increased blood flow

Question 6

Causes of heat

Answer 6

• vasodilation and increased blood flow
• increased chemical activity

Question 6

Causes of swelling

Answer 6

• accumulation of blood/ exudate in tissues through increased c.perm

Question 7

Causes of pain

Answer 7

• direct injury
• pressure from swelling on nerve endings
• chemical irritants like bradykinin

Question 8

what causes loss of function

Answer 8

increased pain and swelling

Question 9

Draw the movement of molecules in a BV for:
* * normal conditions
* * inflammation

Answer 9

Question 10

explain whats happening in this picture

Answer 10

• blood vessels leak
• increases pressure
• endothelial cells start to retract
• plasma and fluid leak out the gaps
• removal of proteins affect osmotic Driving Force for reabsorbtion
• exudate remains in tissue
• increased bloodflow (vd) + exudate tissue swelling +pain

Question 11

stages of inflammation

Answer 11

• bleeding immediate
• inflammation 2-3 days
• proliferation s-24/48 e-2/6wks
• remodelling s-2/3wks e- months/yrs

Question 12

what cellular events occur in the acute inflammatory phase

white blood cells

Answer 12

1. margination wbc roll along bv wall
2. adhesion wbc fix to vessel wall
3. emigration they force their way through the vessel wall
4. chemotaxis chemical signals attract wbc to target area
5. phagocytosis wbc ingest and remove dead tissue from the area

Question 13

what are some rehab goals in the acute phase

cardinal signs present

Answer 13

cardinal signs still present
- protect from further injury
- minimise swelling and pain

PEACE & LOVE

Question 14

What happens in the proliferative phase

Answer 14

• new blood vessels form to provide nutrients
• fibroplasts accumulate to produce collagen
• new bv and tissue fill the wound
• cells make a barrier
• the wound contracts

Question 15

rehab goals sub-acute phase

cardinal signs significantly reduced

Answer 15

cardinal signs reduced
- prevent muscle atrophy
- restore flexibility encourage full AROM with minimal pain

Question 16

what happens in the remodelling phase

Answer 16

remodelling increases the strength of newly repaired tissue
- disorganised collagen fibres are rearranged along lines of stress.
- this happens through application of load
- the tissues gradually assume normal appearance and function
- this happens because type 3 collagen is replaced with type 1
- scar tissue will never be as strong as origina ltissue

Question 17

What are some rehab goals in the remodelling phase

Answer 17

• expose tissues to progressive increasing loads
• avoid recurrence of injury

Question 18

what factors inpede healing

Answer 18

• severity of injury
• infection
• age + GH
• underlying conditions
• nutrition/hydration
• tissue type
• steroids
• immobility