Tissue Reactions

Question 1

Bone in a healthy person or animal will adapt to the loads under which it is placed. In other words, bone is laid down where needed and resorbed (broken down) where not needed

Answer 1

Wolff’s Law

Question 2

Bone resorption (breakdown) is associated with osteo____

Answer 2

Clasts

Question 3

Bone deposition (building) is associated with osteo____

Answer 3

Blasts

Question 4

____ occur through an accumulation of many loading moments

Answer 4

Fractures

Question 5

List the 4 ways bone reacts:

Answer 5

1. Local death
2. Alteration of bone deposition (production problem)
3. Alteration of bone resorption (break down problem)
4. Mechanical failure (fracture)

Question 6

What causes bone death?

Answer 6

Deprivation of it’s blood supply (avascular necrosis)

Question 7

In osteoporosis, bone ____ exceeds bone ____

Answer 7

Resorption, deposition

Question 8

Articular cartilage, which covers the parts of bones associated with joints, is also known as ____

Answer 8

Hyaline cartilage

Question 9

____ cartilage contains no blood vessels, lymphatics, or nerves

Answer 9

Articular (hyaline)

Question 10

Fissuring =

Answer 10

Cracking

Question 11

Uncovering of collagen fibrils =

Answer 11

Fibrillation

Question 12

Softening =

Answer 12

Chondromalacia

Question 13

Articular cartilage’s main source of nutrition?

Answer 13

Synovial fluid

Question 14

Disorders and injuries of ___ constitute the greatest single cause of disability in civilized mankind

Answer 14

Joints

Question 15

Synovial membranes are capable of reacting to abnormal conditions in what three ways?

Answer 15

1. Effusion (Swelling)
2. Hypertrophy (enlargement)
3. Adhesions

Question 16

The fibrous joint capsule and ligaments provide ____ to joints

Answer 16

Stability

Question 17

Fibrous joint capsules and ligaments react to abnormal conditions in what two ways?

Answer 17

1. Joint laxity (sprain)

2. Joint contracture (tightening/shortening)

Question 18

Articular cartilage is type __ collagen, while tendons and ligaments are mostly type __ collagen

Answer 18

II, I

Question 19

Ground substance viability depends heavily on ____

Answer 19

Motion

Question 20

The temporary elongation that occurs when stress/load is applied within physiologic limits

Answer 20

Strain

Question 21

The amount of load or tension placed upon a unit of cross sectional area

Answer 21

Stress

Question 22

The permanent elongation of tissue

Answer 22

Plastic deformation

Question 23

Viscoelasticity (stiffness and stretch) is _____, meaning structures display an increase in strength and stiffness with an increased loading rate

Answer 23

Rate dependent

Question 24

Ligaments and tendon’s remodel in response to mechanical demands placed up them

Answer 24

Davis’ Law (of soft tissue remodeling)

Question 25

SAID Principle?

Answer 25

Specific Adaption to Imposed Demands (use it or lose it)

Question 26

Occlusion of arteries supplying muscle can lead to death of the muscle cells (ischemic necrosis) within __ hours

Answer 26

6