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Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

A group of cells that coordinate to carry out a specialized function

A

Tissues. The cells within a tissue are usually of common embryonic origin.

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2
Q

What is Histology?

A

Study of tissues

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3
Q

A scientist that examine tissue and cells to determine if a disease is present

A

pathologist

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4
Q

Tissue that covers all body surfaces, lines body cavities, hollow organs, and tubes, forms glands

A

Epithelial tissues

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5
Q

Tissues that protects/supports the body and organs, binds organs together, serves as a fat reserve and provides immunity

A

Connective tissues

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6
Q

What tissues generates movement and heat?

A

Muscular tissue

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7
Q

Tissue that responds to environmental stimuli and coordinates body homeostasis

A

Nervous tissue

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8
Q

Name the four types of tissues

A

Epithelial tissues
Connective tissues
Muscular tissue
Nervous tissue

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9
Q

Where are cell junctions found?

A

Cell junctions can be found in epithelial, muscle, and nerve cells

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10
Q

Two common characteristics of cell junctions

A
  • They all allow the neighboring cells to communicate with each other more effectively
  • They hold neighboring cells together
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11
Q

What tissue type covers all body surfaces, lines body cavities, hollow organs and tubes, forms glands?

A

Epithelial Tissue

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12
Q

What tissue type protects/supports the body and organs, binds organs together, serves as a fat reserve and provides immunity?

A

Connective Tissue

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13
Q

What tissue type generates movement and heat?

A

Muscular Tissue

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14
Q

What tissue type responds to environmental stimuli and coordinates body homeostasis?

A

Nervous Tissue

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15
Q

What tissue type is closely packed together, arranged in continuous sheets, avascular, has a nerve supply, regenerates quickly, and contains an apical surface and basal surface?

A

Epithelial Tissue

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16
Q

Term describing a thin layer between epithelial tissue and connective tissue

A

basement membrane

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17
Q

Epithelial tissue contains an apical surface and basal surface. What do apical surface and basal surface describe?

A

Apical side faces the body cavity.
Basal surface is attached to a basement membrane.

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18
Q

What are the characteristics of a simple layer in epithelial tissue?

A

Single layer of cells. Diffusion, secretion and absorption

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19
Q

What are the characteristics of a stratified layer in epithelial tissue?

A

2 or more layers. Protection, with basement membrane

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20
Q

What are the characteristics of a pseudostratified layer in epithelial tissue?

A

Contains multiple and single layers. May secrete mucous or contain cilia

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21
Q

What are the characteristics of a squamous shape in epithelial tissue?

A

Thin. Rapid passage of substances.

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22
Q

What are the characteristics of a cuboidal shape in epithelial tissue?

A

Cubed/hexagon shaped. Secretion and absorption

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23
Q

What are the characteristics of columnar cell shape in epithelial tissue?

A

More tall than wide (column shaped). Protection, secretion and absorption

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24
Q

What are the characteristics of transitional cell shape in epithelial tissue?

A

Cells change shape as they are subjected to bodily movement.

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25
What is the function of Simple Squamous Epithelium?
Filtrations, diffusion, osmosis
26
What is the function of Simple Cuboidal Epithelium?
Secretion and absorption.
27
What is the function of Stratified Columnar Epithelium?
Secretion and protection
28
Do endocrine glands secrete into ducts?
No ducts and secrete directly into the surrounding extracellular fluid. Ex: Adrenal glands, Thyroid glands, Pituitary glands
29
Do exocrine glands secrete into ducts?
Yes, salivary glands and sweat glands.
30
What type of tissue holds organs in place, supports and strengthens other tissue, protects organs, insulates organs, serves as a transport system, stores energy, and is the main site of immune response?
Connective tissue
31
In connective tissue, what is the material between the cells and is composed of protein fibers and ground substance?
extracellular matrix
32
What is connective tissue composed of?
cells and extracellular matrix
33
Are connective tissues highly vascularized?
Yes, except cartilage and tendons
34
What type of connective tissue is NOT supplied with nerves?
Cartilage
35
A medium that helps binds cell together and allows cells to exchange material between each other
Ground substance. Contains water and an array of organic molecules such as hyaluronic acid (provides lubrication) and chondroitin sulfate (provides support and stickiness)
36
Which fiber has larger strong flexible fibers found in bone, tendons, cartilage and ligaments?
Collagen fibers
37
Which fiber has smaller strong stretchy fibers that exhibit elasticity?
Elastic fibers
38
Where are elastic fibers found?
Found in skin, blood vessel walls and lung tissue.
39
Which fiber is made of thin fibers that contain collagen and a glycoprotein coating to provide support and strength around soft organs and the basement membrane in between epithelial and connective tissue?
Reticular fibers
40
What are the 3 categories of connective tissue?
- Loose connective tissue - Dense connective tissue - Supporting connective tissue
41
What type of tissue makes up cartilage, bone tissue, blood and lymph?
Supporting connective tissue
42
What fiber type has fibers are loosely arranged around the cells?
Loose connective tissues. Types include: Areolar connective tissue Adipose tissue Reticular connective tissue
43
What fiber type has fibers that are packed with fewer cells than loose connective tissue?
Dense regular connective tissue Irregular connective tissue Elastic connective tissue
44
Does cartilage heal quickly?
No. Cartilage heals slowly because nutrients must diffuse through the matrix to the chondrocytes
45
What makes cartilage a unique connective tissue?
Avascular. Other types of connective tissue all have rich blood supplies. Because cartilage is avascular, nutrients cannot reach the cells directly via the bloodstream.
46
What type of connective tissue is made by Chondrocytes?
cartilage
47
3 types of cartilage
Hyaline Cartilage Elastic Cartilage Fibrocartilage
48
What is the most common type of cartilage?
Hyaline Cartilage
49
Which cartilage overs the ends of bones, allowing them to slide against one another without damage?
Hyaline Cartilage
50
Which cartilage forms the outer ear and the epiglottis?
elastic cartilage
51
Which cartilage cushions knee joints and the discs between the vertebrae with its collagen packed matrix?
fibrocartilage
52
What is osteoid substance?
A secretion from osteocytes that eventually hardens and surrounds the cells in an ossified matrix (solid bone)
53
What is osteoid substance composed of?
proteins, water, calcium, phosphorous salts
54
What is the name of the small connection channels between osteocytes?
canaliculi
55
Why are blood and lymph considered to be fluid connective tissues?
Their matrix is not a solid.
56
What is the main function of blood?
transport nutrients, gases, hormones, and wastes
57
How are specialized blood cells carried throughout the body?
fluid matrix or plasma
58
Where is lymph derived from?
interstitial fluid collected in the lymphatic vessels
59
What type of fibers are made of cylinfrical cells?
muscle fibers
60
What tissue type provides movement, heat, and contraction?
muscular tissue
61
What are the 3 types of muscular tissue?
skeletal muscle smooth muscle cardiac muscle
62
Do muscle fibers become longer or shorter when they contract generating force and/or movement?
shorter
63
How are muscles chatacterized?
location, structure, and modes of control
64
What muscle tissue type makes up the muscles that are attached to our bones?
skeletal muscle tissue
65
What muscle tissue type is highly organized, with multinucleated muscle fibers (muscle cells) lying parallel to each other that are under voluntary control?
skeletal muscle tissue
66
What muscle tissue type has cells that contain linear arrays of proteins that create striations that slide past each other, causing contraction?
skeletal muscle tissue
67
What is the function of skeletal muscles?
movement and trunk stabilization
68
What muscle tissue type has short, cylindrical cells that taper at both ends and have only one nucleus?
Smooth muscle
69
What muscle tissue type lines hollow organs such as the blood vessels and the digestive tract?
Smooth muscle. Cells are not striated, and are not under voluntary control
70
What muscle tissue is short, branched, with striated cells?
Cardiac muscle. Cells have one nucleus and are not under voluntary control
71
What joins neighboring heart cells?
Intercalated discs which contain gap junctions, that form tiny channels between cells.
72
What are the two cell categories contained in nervous tisse?
neurons and neuroglia
73
What are the supporting cells of the nervous system?
Neuroglia
74
What are excitable cells that form lines of communication within the nervous system?
Neurons
75
What part of the nervous system includes the brain and the spinal cord?
central nervous system
76
What part of the nervous system includes all neurons except brain and spinal cords?
peripheral nervous system
77
What nerve type conducts sensory messages from the body's sensory organs to the spinal cord, which routes the information to the brain?
Sensory nerves
78
What nerve type conducts impulses from the spinal cord to the muscles and glands, which cause muscular movement or glandular secretion?
Motor nerves

Physiology (6 decks)

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