Tissues Flashcards by Airelena Adeoye

What is a tissue

A tissue is a collection of cells that perform a similar function

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4 basic types of tissue

Epithelia
Connective
Nerve
Muscular tissue

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Germ cell has how many layers

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Layers of the germ cell

Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Endoderm

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Internal layer of the germ cell

Endoderm

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External layer of the germ cell

Ectoderm

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Middle layer of germ cell

Mesoderm

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Epithelia cells do what ?

Cover or line all body cavities and tubes

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Epithelia cells form the functional unit of

The functional unit of secretory glands

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Why are epithelia cells called glandular epithelia

They form the functional unit of secretory glands

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Characteristics of epithelia tissues

They do not have blood vessels but they soak up nutrients from neighboring connective tissues
. They have lot of nerves
They are good at self regeneration
Closely attached (like the tiles on the ground) to one another, thus forming a protective barrier.

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Functions of epithelia tissue

To protect the tissue that like beneath it from radiation, physical trauma, pathogens
— to provide sensations
— filter the kidney
— form secretory glands

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Epithelia is classified into

2: according to thickness
According to shape

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Classification of epithelia according to thickness

Simple— one cell layer
Stratified— more than one layer of cell

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Classification of epithelia according to shape:

Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar

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The simplest epithelia

Is simple squamous

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Location of simple squamous

Alveoli of lungs
Lining blood cavities
Lining blood vessels

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Simple squamous has what type of nuclei

A disc shaped nuclei

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Functions of simple squamous

Passive transport of gases and fluids

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Simple cuboidal has what nucleus

Large spherical nucleus

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Function of simple cuboidal

Secretion abs absorption

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Location of simple cuboidal

Kidney tubules
Ovary surfaces
Secretory portions of glands

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Simple columnar epithelia has 2 types

Ciliated columnar
Non ciliated columnar

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Simple columnar has what nuclei

Oval nuclei

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Functions of simple columnar

Absorbtion and secretion of mucus Secretion of enzymes

Goblet cellls do what

Secrete mucus

Location of simple columnar

Digestive tract Gall bladders

Stratified squamous epithelia functions

Protection

Location of stratified squamous epithelia

Oral cervix; oral cavity canal

Stratified squamous is found in areas of the body

That are subject to friction

Stratified cuboidal functions

Protection

Stratified cuboidal epithelia locations

Salivary glands Sweat gland Mammary gland

Stratified columnar epithelia functions

Protection

Stratified columnar location

It is rare in the body but found in small amount in males urethra

Pesudostratified columnar functions

Secretes mucus

Location of pseudostfatified

Lines of trachea

Translational epithelia also known as

Uroepithelial

Functions of transitional epithelia

Stretching and protection

Location of transitional epithelia

Bladder and part of urethra

Connective tissues are ?

Tissues that connect the different parts of the body together

Connective tissues has a major constituent

Extra cellular matrix Fibers Ground substance

Functions of connective tissues

Support and binding of tissues Storing nutrients as fats Holding body fluid Defending the body against infection

Classification of connective tissues

Connective tissue Proper: Loose: areolar, adipose, reticular Dense: regular, irregular, elastic 2. Cartilage- hyaline Elastic cartilage Fibrocartilage 3. Bone: compact Spongy bone 4. Blood

Areolar is distributed

Under epithelia Surrounds capillaries

Areolar is a

Gel like matrix with all 3 fiber types

Functions of areolar

It’s macrophages, phagocytize bacteria Holds and convey tissue fluid Helps to keep blood vessel in place

Adipose is found

Under skin Around kidneys in breast Within abdomen

Reticular tissue functions

It’s supports other cells

Reticular tissue location

Lymphoid organs Bone marrow Macrophages

Dense. Irregular has primarily

Irregular arranged collagen fibers, some elastic fibers.

Functions of dense irregular :

Elasticity and structural support

Location of dense irregular tissue

Dermis of skin Submucosa of digestive tract and joint

Dense regular tissue location

Tendons Ligaments

Tendons attach

Muscle to bones

Ligaments attach

Bone to bones

Dense reticular has primarily

Collagen fibers, a few elastin fibers

Hyaline cartilage is

Amorphous but firm matrix

Functions of hyaline cartilage

Resist compressive stress Forms most of the embryonic skeleton Support

Location of hyaline cartilage

Embryonic skeleton End of long bones Cartilage of bones

Elastic cartilage ?

Has elastic fibers

Functions of elastic cartilage

Maintains Shape and allows flexibility

Location of elastic cartilage

Supports the external ear pina

Fibrocartilage ?

Has mostly collagen fibers

Function of Fibrocartilage

Absorb shock Compress shock High tensile strength

Location of Fibrocartilage

Disc of knee joint Intervertebral disc

Functions of blood

Transport respiratory gases, waste and other substances

Location of blood

In the blood vessels

Muscle tissue types

Smooth Cardiac Skeletal

Characteristics of muscle

Excitability Contractility Extensibility Elasticity

The ability to shorten when adequately stimulated

Contractility

The defining property of muscle tissue

Contractility

The ability to be stretched

Extensibility

The ability to resume original position after being stretched

Elasticity

Skeletal muscle has what nuclei

Multiple nuclei

Is skeletal muscle striated

Yes. It has long striations

Functions of skeletal muscle tissue

Contraction for voluntary movement.

Is skeletal muscle voluntary or involuntary

It’s voluntary

Smooth muscle has what nucleus

Single nucleus

Functions of smooth muscle

Propulsion of substances along internal passage ways

Location of smooth muscle tissue

Found in the walls of internal organs ( blood vessels, stomach , digestive systems, tube of reproductive systems)

Cardiac muscle are not striated true or false

False . It has cross striations

Smooth muscle have striations. True or false ?

False

Function of cardiac muscle

Pumping of blood in the circulatory system

Muscle tissues that are striated

Skeletal Cardiac

Muscle tissues with single nucleus

Cardiac Smooth

Muscle tissues with multiple nucleus

Skeletal

Composition of nerve tissues ?

The nerve cells or neurons The neuroglia

Locations of neurons

Brain, spinal cord and nerves

Functions of Neurons

Transmit electrical signals from sensory receptors to effectors

Functions of glial cells

They carry nutrients Speed repair Provide myelin sheath for axons

The epithelia membrane that lines the body cavities that are exposed to the outside of the body is called

Mucous membrane