Tissues

Question 1

What does ‘adip-‘ refer to?

Answer 1

Adipose tissue - tissue that stores fat.

Question 2

What does ‘chondr-‘ refer to?

Answer 2

Chondrocyte - cartilage cell.

Question 3

What does ‘-cyt’ refer to?

Answer 3

Osteocyte - bone cell.

Question 4

What does ‘epi-‘ mean?

Answer 4

Epithelial tissue - tissue that covers all free body surfaces.

Question 5

What does ‘-glia’ refer to?

Answer 5

Neuroglia - cells that support neurons; part of nervous tissue.

Question 6

What does ‘hist-‘ refer to?

Answer 6

Histology - study of composition and function of tissues.

Question 7

What does ‘hyal-‘ mean?

Answer 7

Hyaline cartilage - flexible tissue containing chondrocytes.

Question 8

What does ‘inter-‘ refer to?

Answer 8

Intercalated disc - band between adjacent cardiac muscle cells.

Question 9

What does ‘macr-‘ refer to?

Answer 9

Macrophage - large phagocytic cell.

Question 10

What does ‘neur-‘ refer to?

Answer 10

Neuron - nerve cell.

Question 11

What does ‘os-‘ mean?

Answer 11

Osseous tissue - bone tissue.

Question 12

What does ‘phag-‘ refer to?

Answer 12

Phagocyte - cell that engulfs and destroys foreign particles.

Question 13

What does ‘pseud-‘ mean?

Answer 13

Pseudostratified epithelium - tissue with cells that appear to be in layers, but are not.

Question 14

What does ‘squam-‘ refer to?

Answer 14

Squamous epithelium - tissue with flattened or scalelike cells.

Question 15

What does ‘strat-‘ mean?

Answer 15

Stratified epithelium - tissue with cells that are in layers.

Question 16

What does ‘stria-‘ refer to?

Answer 16

Striated muscle - tissue whose cells have alternating light and dark cross-markings.

Question 17

What are epithelial tissues?

Answer 17

Epithelial tissues are found throughout the body.

Question 18

What is the function of epithelium?

Answer 18

Epithelium covers the body surface and organs, forms the inner lining of body cavities, and lines hollow organs.

Question 19

What is a characteristic feature of epithelial tissue?

Answer 19

Epithelial tissue always has a free (apical) surface that is exposed to the outside or to an open space internally.

Question 20

How is epithelial tissue anchored?

Answer 20

The underside of epithelial tissue is anchored to connective tissue by a thin, nonliving layer called the basement membrane.

Question 21

What is simple squamous epithelium?

Answer 21

Simple squamous epithelium consists of a single layer of thin, flattened cells.

Question 22

How do the cells of simple squamous epithelium fit together?

Answer 22

These cells fit tightly together, somewhat like floor tiles.

Question 23

What is the shape of the nuclei in simple squamous epithelium?

Answer 23

The nuclei are usually broad and thin.

Question 24

What is the primary function of simple squamous epithelium?

Answer 24

Substances pass rather easily through simple squamous epithelium, which is common at sites of diffusion and filtration.

Question 25

Where is simple squamous epithelium commonly found?

Answer 25

It lines the air sacs (alveoli) of the lungs, forms the walls of capillaries, lines blood and lymph vessels, and covers membranes that line body cavities.

Question 26

What is simple cuboidal epithelium?

Answer 26

Simple cuboidal epithelium consists of a single layer of cube-shaped cells.

Question 27

What is the characteristic of the nuclei in simple cuboidal epithelium?

Answer 27

These cells usually have centrally located, spherical nuclei.

Question 28

Where is simple cuboidal epithelium found?

Answer 28

It lines the follicles of the thyroid gland, covers the ovaries, and lines the kidney tubules and ducts of certain glands.

Question 29

Which glands are associated with simple cuboidal epithelium?

Answer 29

It is associated with salivary glands, pancreas, and liver.

Question 30

What are the functions of simple cuboidal epithelium in the kidneys?

Answer 30

In the kidneys, it functions in tubular secretion and tubular reabsorption.

Question 31

What is the function of simple cuboidal epithelium in glands?

Answer 31

In glands, it secretes glandular products.

Question 32

What is simple columnar epithelium composed of?

Answer 32

Simple columnar epithelium is composed of a single layer of elongated cells whose nuclei are usually at about the same level, near the basement membrane.

Question 33

What are the characteristics of the cells in simple columnar epithelium?

Answer 33

The cells can be ciliated or nonciliated.

Question 34

What is the length of cilia in simple columnar epithelium?

Answer 34

Cilia are 7-10 um in length and extend from the free surfaces of the cells.

Question 35

What is the function of cilia in the female reproductive system?

Answer 35

In the female, cilia aid in moving the egg cell through the uterine tube to the uterus.

Question 36

Where is nonciliated simple columnar epithelium found?

Answer 36

Nonciliated simple columnar epithelium lines the uterus and portions of the digestive tract, including the stomach and small and large intestines.

Question 37

Why is simple columnar epithelium thick?

Answer 37

Because its cells are elongated, this tissue is thick, which enables it to protect underlying tissues.

Question 38

What are the functions of simple columnar epithelium?

Answer 38

Simple columnar epithelium secretes digestive fluids and absorbs nutrients from digested food.

Question 39

What specialized structures do simple columnar cells have for absorption?

Answer 39

Simple columnar cells, specialized for absorption, often have many tiny, cylindrical processes extending from them.