Tissues

Question 1

What are tissues

Answer 1

An aggregate of cells in an organism with similar structure and function

Question 2

What do tissues do

Answer 2

work in unison to carry out a specific function and form an organ

Question 3

What are the tissue types in animals

Answer 3

Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nervous

Question 4

Epithelial tissue

Answer 4

Covers internal and external organs,body cavitys and glands
Two types-covering and lining epithelium,glandular
Form boundaries between different environments
Many functions (FAPSS)
Filtration,absorption, protection, sensory reception, secretion

Question 5

Simple squamous epithelium

Answer 5

Found in- air sacks of lungs,lining of heart and vessels

Function-allows material to pass through via diffusion and filtration, secretes lubricating substance

Question 6

Simple cuboidal epithelium

Answer 6

Location-in ducts and secretory portions of small glands and kidney tubules
Function-secretes and absorbs

Question 7

Simple columnar epithelium

Answer 7

Location-ciliated tissues in Bronco, uterine tubes and uterus; Smooth(nonciliated tissue), digestive tract, bladder
Function-absorbs and also secretes mucous and enzymes

Question 8

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Answer 8

Location-ciliated tissues that line the trachea and much of the upper respirators track
Function-secretes mucus, ciliated tissue moves mucus

Question 9

Stratified squamous epithelium

Answer 9

found in the lining of the oesophagus,mouth and vagina

Function to protect against abrasion

Question 10

Stratified cuboidal Epithelium

Answer 10

Found in sweat glands, salivary glands and the mammary glands
Function is protective tissue

Question 11

Stratified columnar epithelium

Answer 11

Found in the male urethra and the ducts in some glands

Function is secretes and protects

Question 12

Transitional epithelium

Answer 12

Found in lining of bladder,uretha,ureter

Function allows the urinary organs to expand and stretch

Question 13

Glandular epithelium

Answer 13

Lines endocrine and exocrine glands
Involved in secretion of hormones, sweat and mucus
Glands are one or more cells that make and secrete something
Endocrine-internally secreting
Exocrine-externally secreting

Question 14

Characteristics of an exocrine glands

Answer 14

Contain vesicles which are pinched off

Use exocytosis

Question 15

Connective-tissue

Answer 15

Usually cells scatter throughout an extra cellular matrix of fibrous proteins and glycoproteins attached to a basement membrane
Functions binding and support, protection, insulation, transport
Loose and dense irregular
Dense regular/cartilage/adipose/haematopietic/bone

Question 16

Connective-tissue loose irregular

Answer 16

Types-adipose,reticular and areolar
Areolar,adipose most abundant type, found near blood vessels, nerves, ducts, mesentry wrappings that support organs and blood vessels in the abdomen.
Elasticity/shock absorption
Areolar-collagen
Reticular-framework of glands, organs and lymph nodes
Type III collagen fibres

Question 17

Specialised connective-tissue

Answer 17

Dense regular connective-tissue e.g. ligaments and tendons
Adipose tissue-loose connective tissue to store fat,line organs and body cavities and insolate the body against heat loss and producers Endocrine hormones
Cartilage is fibrous connective tissue, closely packed collagen fibres in a gelatinous a substance
Bone is materialised connective-tissue

Question 18

Blood-haematopoietic

Answer 18

Extracellular matrix-plasma, red blood cells,platelets and white blood cells suspended in the plasma(no fibres)
Function distribution of nutrients and enzymes to cells, gas exchange, collection of waste products, regulation of body temperature, protecting against pathogens

Question 19

Dense regular connective-tissue

Answer 19

Ligaments act like shock absorbers and connect bone to bone

Tendons act like an anchoring point for a band of muscles and attaches muscle to bone

Question 20

Adipose tissue

Answer 20

Loose connective tissue for storing lipids
Main function to supply the body with energy which is available from carbohydrates
Cushioning and protecting organs, insulating the body from heat loss
Adipocytes are droplets of Triglycerides, cells to shrink or swell depending on whether fat is being used or stored
Re-tights white, brown, Beige

Question 21

Adipose tissue types
White(wat
Brown(bat
Beige

Answer 21

White tissue stores energy, insolation
White generates hormones also such as leptin
Brown tissue burns energy to generate heat
Beige tissue burns energy to release heat in response to cold
Brown and Beige get the colour from the abundance of iron containing mitochondria in the blood vessels

Question 22

Adiponectin

Answer 22

Acts on the brain to increase metabolism, promote the breakdown of fat, and increase energy use in muscles without affecting appetite

Question 23

Adipose tissue location

Answer 23

Around the heart kidneys and nerve tissue
In yellow bone marrow and breast tissue and within the Buttocks,thighs and abdominal cavity.
Brown is located in more specific areas and small amounts on the side of the neck, shoulder area, along the spine, upper back
Infants have a greater percentage of brown fat then adults mostly on the back region as it is important for generating heat

Question 24

Cartilage

Answer 24

The extracellular matrix of cartilage is secreted by Chondroblasts, that is found in the outer covering layer of cartilage
Chondroblasts secrete matrix and fibres, they become trapped inside it and mature into cells called chondrocytes which can divide and the daughter cell remains close together in groups of 2 to 4 sells the active chondrocytes are large secretory cells with Basophilc psycho person because they have a lot of rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 25

Cartilage 2

Answer 25

The surface of the cartilage is covered by a layer of dense layer irregular connective tissue 75% of the Extracellular matrix is water collagen fibres for my network which has a high strength which entraps chondroitin sulphates

Question 26

Bone

Answer 26

Discreet your system is a mechanical framework of the body which is formed from several different connected tissues

Question 27

Coverings and lining membranes

Answer 27

Brains incorporate both connected and epithelial tissues Cutaneous,mucous,serous Continuous multicellular sheets composed of a least to primary tissue-type's Synovial membranes:joint cavities are connective-tissue only

Question 28

Covering And lining membranes

Answer 28

Cutis-skin, keratinised squamous epithelium,with a thick layer of dense irregular tissue dry membrane, exposed to air Mucosa-Lines cavities that are connected to the exterior, stratified squamous and simple columnar epithelium,respiratory/digestive,wet surface Serous-Lines internal cavities, simple squamous epithelium and A thin-layer of loose connective tissue(areolar)

Question 29

Muscle tissue

Answer 29

Muscle tissue contains numerous microfilaments composed of the contracile proteins actin and myosin. These proteins are responsible for movement in muscles I don't have a certain number of muscle cells through exercise these cells enlarged but the number of cells does not increase

Question 30

Muscle tissue 2

Answer 30

Your little muscles are voluntary muscles because we have control over their contraction( somatic nervous system) Reflex reactions of skeletal muscles are an exception, involuntary reactions to external stimuli Visceral muscle involuntary since, they're not continuously controlled.smooth and cardiac muscles are under the control of the autonomic nervous system

Question 31

Types of muscle tissue

Answer 31

Cardiac-cells are doing together by intercalated discs,which allowed synchronised movement e.g. heartbeat Branched, striated muscles are regulated by the autonomic nervous system Skeletal muscle-attached to bones by tendons and our control but the peripheral nervous system which is related to the bodies voluntary movements Striated muscles not branched, covered by connective-tissue for protection and support of muscle fibres bundles supplied by blood Bessel is to provide oxygen and nerve impulses

Question 32

Types of muscle tissue 2

Answer 32

Visceral (smooth)- found in good vessels, bladder and hollow organs such as the digestive tract No cross striations Regulated by the autonomic nervous system and is under involuntary control Tracks slower than the skeletal muscles but the contractions can be sustained over a longer period of time Rhythmic smooth muscles contract periodically and spend most of the time in a relaxed state while tonic move muscles remain contracted for the majority of time and only relax periodically

Question 33

Regenerative capabilities of tissues

Answer 33

Easily be generated such as epithelial tissue, bone, dense irregular connective tissue and blood forming tissue Moderate regeneration smooth-muscle, dense regular connective-tissue Weak ability to regenerate-skeletal muscle and cartilage No ability to regenerate functional capacity-cardiac muscle, nervous tissue of the brain and spinal cord replaced by scar tissue