Tissues and Communication (couldnt be me)

Question 1

What are the ways for epithelium cells layer?

Answer 1

1. Simple (1 layer)
2. Stratified
3. Pseudostratified

Question 2

Pseudostratified vs Stratified

Answer 2

Stratified - stack on top of each other
Pseudostratified - Have different levels of nucleus, vertical

Question 3

What are the three shapes of epithelial cells?

Answer 3

1. Squamous
2. Cuboidal
3. Columnar

Question 4

External structure of epithelia

Answer 4

Top/Apical: Have microvilli, Extends plasma membrane to increase SA

Bottom/Basal: Always sit on connective tissue, specifically on top of cellular matrix (contains fibres and minerals, salts), have basal lamina at the bottom of matrix as a foundation

Question 5

Desmosome

Answer 5

A plaque/hole that is on the membrane of each epithelial cell

Question 6

How is the desmosome structured to connect epithelial cells?

Answer 6

On the top side, the there are desmosome plaques in each side of epithelial cells that is connected by connective protein located in the space between 2 cells and intermediate filaments that extends within the cell

Question 7

Hemidesmosome

Answer 7

Partial desmosome

Question 8

Where is the hemidesmosome located?

Answer 8

On the bottom/base of epithelial cells

Question 9

What is the hemidesmosome used for?

Answer 9

It acts as a junction and adhesive property between the epithelia and basal lamina

Question 10

Function of basal lamina

Answer 10

Helps hold back cancerous cells through holding back metastasis
Primary tumors: basal lamina still intact to hold cancer cells

Question 11

Components of connective tissue

Answer 11

1.Fibers
2. Cells
3. Ground substance

Question 12

What is the term used to describe fibers and ground substance?

Answer 12

Extracellular matrix

Question 13

What makes the basal dense in epithelial cell? Why?

Answer 13

The extracellular matrix. Because there is not much cells, the fibers and ground substance makes a dense matrix that can be stuck on to

Question 14

Three types of muscle tissue

Answer 14

1. Skeletal
2. Cardiac
3. Smooth

Question 15

Which muscle have striated unbranched fibers?

Answer 15

Skeletal

Question 16

What are the two muscles that is involuntary?

Answer 16

Cardiac and smooth muscles

Question 17

Intercalated disc

Answer 17

The part of the muscle that acts as a junction for electrical impulses to move along the cells

Question 18

What does the intercalated disc contain?

Answer 18

Desmosome and gap junction

Question 19

Hypothalamus-pituitary interaction in a stress stimuli

Answer 19

1. Hypothalamus receives stress stimuli
2. Hypothalamus releases corticotrophin-releasing hormones (CRH)
3. Uses the hypophysial portal system to go into bloodstream
4. Bloodstream connects to pituitary gland which then stimulates pituitary to release ACTH
5. ACTH goes around the body to activate cells
6. When it reaches the adrenal cortex , the adrenal medulla releases cortisol
7. Cortisol then goes into the fat and protein supplies