Tissues And Irgans

Question 1

Tissue definition

Answer 1

A collection of cells that are adapted to perform a specific function

Question 2

Organ Definition

Answer 2

2 or more tissues combined to create a structural unit that has a particular function that are a sum of its parts

Question 3

3 Cells That don’t form part of tissues

Answer 3

Ova
SPermatozoa
Blood corpuscles

Question 4

Epithelial Tissues

Answer 4

Form continuous layers that cover surfaces and line cavities of the body

Question 5

Mesothelium

Answer 5

The tissue that lines closed cavities like:
-Peritoneal
-Pleural
-Periocardial

Question 6

Epithelium also lines heart, blood and lymphatic vessels as endothelium

Answer 6

Endothelium = specialised form of epithelium

Question 7

Epithelial CLassified by shape of cells and their arrangement in tissues

Answer 7

Classified morphologically (by shape and structure)

Question 8

Epithelial functions

Answer 8

-Protection
-SSecretion
-Absorption
-Reproduction
-Sensation
-Lubrication
-Excretion

Question 9

Simple Squamous Epitheelium

Answer 9

Lines heart, blood vessels, pleural and peritoneal cavities

Exchange of substances, secreting lubricants

Question 10

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

Answer 10

Ducts of exocrine glands, kidney tubules, parenchyma of glands

Lining , secretory activities or absorption

Question 11

Simple columnar epithelium

Answer 11

Line GI Tract and large excretory ducts of glands

Secretion of enzymes, mucus and absorption of nutrients and fluids

Question 12

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Answer 12

Lining and protein secretion
Also for sensory reception
Can be ciliiated
Upper respiratory system
Nasal cavity and ear

Question 13

Stratified squamous epithelium

Answer 13

Protects underlying tissues form external environment
Epidermis covers exterior of body and some interior surfaces of body cavities.
(Non keratinised, mouth, oesophagus,vagina)
(Keratinised, epidermis of skin)

Question 14

Stratified

Answer 14

Arranged in layers

Question 15

Pseudostratified

Answer 15

Closely packed cells which look like they are arranged in layers but are actually all attactched to a basement membrane.

Question 16

Squamous

Answer 16

flat scale shaped cells

Question 17

Cuboidal

Answer 17

cell shaped like a cube
Same width as height

Question 18

Columnar

Answer 18

Tall narrow somewhat cylindrical/prismatic cells

Question 19

Regeneration

Answer 19

Epithelial cells have a capacity for regeneration

Question 20

Metaplasia

Answer 20

Have capacity to change from one type of epithelium to another

Question 21

Neoplasia

Answer 21

Tumour = Neoplasm
Carcinoma = Tumours that form in the epithelium

Glandular epithelial tumours = adenoma(benign) adenocarcinoma(malignant)

Question 22

Transitional

Answer 22

The cells can be stretched and change shape, allows organs to expand/change shape.

Question 23

Stratified cuboidal epithelium

Answer 23

Absorption and secretion
(Sweatgland ducts)

Question 24

Stratified columnar epithelium

Answer 24

Conjunctiva of eye
Large secretory ducts
Part of male urethra
Secretes tears and other fluids, absorbs excess materials produced elsewhere or protection

Question 25

Transitional epithelium (urothelium)

Answer 25

Lines bladder and ureters Allows for stretching of organs and chemically protects tissues underneath

Question 26

Epithelial call adherence systems

Answer 26

Lateral surface Basal surface

Question 27

Lateral surface

Answer 27

Tall Animals Don't Greet Children Tight junctions Adhesion junctions / adhesion belt Desmosomes Gap junctions Cell adhesion molecules

Question 28

Tight junctions

Answer 28

Top of lateral surface Don't let big molecules into tissue Can clap open and closed to let small molecules through (paracelluar transport)

Question 29

Adhesion junctions

Answer 29

Joins actin bundles in 2 cells together 1/3 way down from top of lateral surface Made of actin filaments Tissue stabilising faster and another transport barrier

Question 30

Desmosomes

Answer 30

Joins intermediate filament bundles in one cell to an.other Halfway down strongest type of cell to cell adhesion Provides mechanical strength Made intracellularly of cytokeratin fibres and E-Cadherins

Question 31

Gap junctions

Answer 31

Close to base of cell Allows quick Communication between cells. Lets small molecules move from one cell to another Distributed throughout cardiac muscle and smooth muscle

Question 32

Basal surface

Answer 32

Hemi-desmosomes Focal adhesions Integrins

Question 33

Hemi-desmosomes

Answer 33

Anchors intermediate filaments to basal Lamina

Question 34

Focal adhesions

Answer 34

Anchors actin filaments in cell to the basal Lamina

Question 35

Mucosal membrane

Answer 35

The most inner lining of some organs and body cavities

Question 36

Where mucosal membranes found?

Answer 36

Gi tract, respiratory system, urinary tract

Question 37

Mucus function

Answer 37

Prevents Pathogen / dirt entry Prevents tissue dehydration Lubrication

Question 38

G1 tract lining

Answer 38

Epithelial cells lining lumen attach to basement membrane Lamina propria = connective tissue Muscularis mucosae smooth muscle

Question 39

Mucosa =3layers

Answer 39

Epithelia Lamina propria Muscularis mucosa

Question 40

Mucosa function

Answer 40

Stop pathogen entry More contents and expel waste Absorb contents in lumen

Question 41

Bladder

Answer 41

Urotheciam= transitional epithelium of bladder