tissues organ organ systems Flashcards
(27 cards)
1
Q
tissues
A
- group of similar cells specialized for a common function
- study of tissues called histology
- 4 types of animal tissue: epithelial, connective, nervous, muscle
2
Q
epithelial tissue
A
- renewable, flat sheet of cells that cover or line something
- 5 functions
1. protection = skin
2. absorption = lining of the small intestine
3. transport = kidney tubules
4. excretion = sweat glands
5. sensory perception = taste buds
3
Q
simple tissue
A
1 layer of cells
4
Q
stratified tissue
A
2 or more stacked layers
5
Q
squamous tissue
A
flat
6
Q
cuboidal tissue
A
cube shaped
7
Q
columnar
A
column like
8
Q
simple squamous epithelial tissue
A
- respiratory surfaces such as the lining of the lungs or the skin of a frog
- function: allows passage of materials by diffusion and filtration
9
Q
simple cuboidal epithelial tissue
A
- found in kidney tubes, ducts and small glands
- function: secretion and absorption
10
Q
simple columnar epithelial tissue
A
- single layer of elongated cells
- lines digestive tract
- function: absolution and enzyme secretion
11
Q
stratified squamous epithelial tissue
A
- many layers of cells
- lines the esophagus, mouth, and vagina
- protects underlying tissues in areas prone to abrasion
12
Q
connective tissue
A
- supports and binds tissue together
- nature of matrix largely determines function of connective tissue
13
Q
extracellular matrix
A
the cells of connective tissue are separated by non-living material
14
Q
loose connective tissue
A
- strong, flexible collagen fibers interwoven with other fibers to create elastic consistency
- binds skin to muscle tissue
- widely distributed under the skin
- wraps and cushions organs
15
Q
adipose tissue
A
- type of loose connective tissue
- contains fat droplets that push the nuclei close to plasma membrane
- around kidneys, under skin
16
Q
fibrous connective tissue
A
- connective fibers densely packed, creating strong cords
- tendons = muscle to bone or other muscle
- ligaments = bone to bone
- dermis of the skin and digestive tract
- provides structural strength
17
Q
cartilage
A
- hard, flexible supportive tissue (skeletons of sharks and rays) (nose, trachea, larynx, ears)
- chondrocytes (cartilage cells) lie in spaces called lacunar that are surrounded by a rubbery matrix
18
Q
bone
A
- type of connective tissue
- osteocytes (bone cells) lie in lacunae
- matrix is hard and made of calcium phosphate; deposited in concentric layers
- important for support and protection
19
Q
blood
A
- type of connective tissue
- specialized connective tissue used to transport substances throughout the body
- includes erythrocytes (red blood cells), leukocytes (white blood cells), thrombocytes (platelets), and plasma (fluid portion of blood)
20
Q
nervous tissue
A
- composed of special cells called neurons that carry electrical impulses
- receive stimuli and cause other tissues or organs to respond
21
Q
muscle tissue
A
- enables movement
- 3 types: smooth, skeletal, cardiac
22
Q
smooth muscle
A
walls of hollow organs; propels materials (food, urine, a baby)
23
Q
skeletal muscle
A
attached to bones, enables body movement (striated)
24
Q
cardiac (heart muscle)
A
enables heart beat (extremely striated)
25
organs
- functional units of an animal's body
- consist of more than one tissue type
26
organ system
association of organs that perform specific functions (there's 11)
27
the 11 organ systems
1. integumentary
2. nervous
3. endocrine
4, skeletal
5. circulatory
6. immune
7. respiratory
8. urinary
9. reproductive
10. muscular
11. digestive
