tissues/organ systems/homeostasis

Question 1

what are the four types of tissues

Answer 1

epithelial, muscle, nervous, connective

Question 2

definition of a tissue

Answer 2

a group of cells that are similar in structure and function

Question 3

what does ectoderm do

Answer 3

forms nervous and skin tisses

Question 4

what does mesoderm do

Answer 4

forms connective and muscular tissues

Question 5

what does endoderm do

Answer 5

forms internal epithelium and glands

Question 6

what are the four main tissues all composed of

Answer 6

cells and extracellular matrix

Question 7

what is an extracellular matrix

Answer 7

fluid and cell products that surround the cells to make tissue

Question 8

what tissue’s structure includes cells that are close together to form membranes

Answer 8

epithelial

Question 9

what tissue’s structure includes an attachment to a basement membrane

Answer 9

epithelial

Question 10

what tissue’s structure has one free surface

Answer 10

epithelial

Question 11

what tissue’s structure has no direct blood supply

Answer 11

epithelial

Question 12

what tissue’s structure relies on underlying capillaries for supplies (because it has no direct blood supply)

Answer 12

epithelial

Question 13

what is a basement membrane

Answer 13

noncellular layer directly below the epithelial tissue

Question 14

what is a basement membrane composed of

Answer 14

proteins secreted by epithelial cells and ct

Question 15

what does the basement membrane do

Answer 15

provides structural support to overlying layers

Question 16

what are the functions of epithelial tissue

Answer 16

protection, secretion, filtration, absorption

Question 17

what is the cell shape of squamous tissue

Answer 17

flattened

Question 18

what is the cell shape of cuboidal tissue

Answer 18

cube like

Question 19

what is the cell shape of columnar tissue

Answer 19

column

Question 20

what arrangement of cells has one layer of cells attached to a basement membrane

Answer 20

simple

Question 21

what arrangement of cells has more than one layer of cells layered and is named by the top layer

Answer 21

stratified

Question 22

what arrangement of cells has one layer that looks like more than one (false layering)

Answer 22

pseudostratified

Question 23

what arrangement of cells gives the cells the ability to slide over one another

Answer 23

transitional

Question 24

what arrangement of cells is based on specialization and is typically simple

Answer 24

glandular

Question 25

what is the endocrine gland

Answer 25

ductless gland that excretes hormones directly into the blood or lymphatic vessels

Question 26

what is the exocrine gland

Answer 26

retains ducts and secretions empty through ducts to an epithelial surface

Question 27

location of simple squamous tissue

Answer 27

blood vessels and air sacs of lungs

Question 28

function of simple squamous tissue

Answer 28

diffusion of respiratory gases and filtration

Question 29

location of ciliated columnar tissue

Answer 29

trachea and air passages

Question 30

function of ciliated columnar tissue

Answer 30

secrete and propel mucus

Question 31

location of stratified squamous tissue

Answer 31

outer layer of skin, mouth, vagina

Question 32

function of stratified squamous tissue

Answer 32

protects and has little absorption

Question 33

location of simple columnar tissue

Answer 33

gi tract

Question 34

function of simple columnar tissue

Answer 34

absorbs nutriens and scretes mucus and enzymes

Question 35

location of transitional epithelium

Answer 35

lines bladder, urethra, and ureters

Question 36

function of transitional epithelium

Answer 36

protect and keep urea from leaking out

Question 37

location of simple cuboidal tissue

Answer 37

glands and kidneys

Question 38

function of simple cuboidal tissue

Answer 38

secrete hormones and oils

Question 39

location of stratified cuboidal tissue

Answer 39

lines ducts of sweat glands

Question 40

function of stratified cuboidal tissue

Answer 40

secretes water and ions

Question 41

functions of connective tissue

Answer 41

protect, support, bind tissues together, insulate, transportation

Question 42

how vascularized is ct

Answer 42

well to poorly vascularized

Question 43

what is ct composed of

Answer 43

many cell types

Question 44

what does ct have a large amount of

Answer 44

extracellular matrix - non living or amorphis material

Question 45

two main types of ct

Answer 45

fibrous and specialized

Question 46

four types of fibrous ct (common ct)

Answer 46

loose (areolar and adipose), dense, elastic, reticular

Question 47

what is the purpose of loose ct (areolar and adipose)

Answer 47

surrounds the internal organs, muscles, and blood vessels

Question 48

what does dense ct do

Answer 48

forms tendons, ligaments, and deeper layers of the skin

Question 49

what is the purpose of elastic ct

Answer 49

surrounds hollow organs such as stomach and bladder that change shape or size regularly

Question 50

what is the purpose reticular ct

Answer 50

makes up internal framework of soft organs, like the liver, and the lymphatic system

Question 51

what is the main type of cell in fibrous ct

Answer 51

fibroblast

Question 52

what is a blast cell

Answer 52

the beginning cells for that tissue - they give rise to the other cells over time

Question 53

what are the three main types of fiber in ct

Answer 53

collagenic (regular), elastic, reticular

Question 54

what is collagenic (regular) fiber

Answer 54

white in color, most abundant, forms bones, dentin, organ capsules, dermis in skin, etc

Question 55

what are elastic fibers

Answer 55

very thin fibrils that can stretch like a rubber band

Question 56

what are reticular fibers

Answer 56

can combine with other fibers, found in smooth muscles, blood organs, and found in wound repair

Question 57

what are the four main types of specialized ct

Answer 57

cartilage, blood, bone, adipose

Question 58

what is cartilage ct

Answer 58

the matrix has collagen and a larger amt of water than fibrous tissues, not vascularized, different types

Question 59

what is blood ct

Answer 59

plasma is the matrix, has wbcs rbcs and platelets

Question 60

what is bone ct

Answer 60

contains few living cells in a matrix that hardens due to calcium and phosphate but is well vascularized

Question 61

what is adipose ct

Answer 61

composed of adipocytes little fibers and almost no ground substance

Question 62

what is the purpose of adipose ct

Answer 62

to insulate, protect, and reserve energy

Question 63

what are the three main types of muscle tissue

Answer 63

skeletal, cardiac, smooth

Question 64

what do all three of the muscle tissues have/are

Answer 64

arranged next to each other with minimal extracellular fluid, has many internal fibers which are arranged to shorten the cell, and is composed of a cell called muscle fiber

Question 65

how/what is skeletal muscle attached to

Answer 65

attached to the skeleton by tendons (its also well vascularized)

Question 66

what is the cell shape of skeletal muscle

Answer 66

long and cylindrical, more than one nucleus, striated, voluntary

Question 67

special characteristics of cardiac muscle

Answer 67

striated, cells branch and have tight junctions, single nucleus, involuntary control, gab junctions between cells that allow electrical stimulus to move quicker, found only in the heart

Question 68

special characteristics of smooth muscle

Answer 68

found in walls of hollow organs and blood vessels, no striations, single nucleus, cell ends taper, gap junctions

Question 69

what are the two types of nervous cells

Answer 69

neuroglia and neurons

Question 70

what are neuroglial cells

Answer 70

special supporting cells that protect, support, and insulate NEURONS

Question 71

what are neurons

Answer 71

specialized cells that recieve stimuli (irritability) and conduct waves of excitation along the axons and dendrites

Question 72

definition of an organ

Answer 72

2 or more TISSUES that work together to perform a function

Question 73

what system's functions are the formation o external body covering, protection of deeper tissues from injury, regulation of body temp

Answer 73

integumentary

Question 74

what system's functions are protection and support of body organs, providing muscle attachment for movement, side of blood cell formation, and mineral storage

Answer 74

skeletal

Question 75

what system's functions are production of movement, maintaining of posture, and production of heat

Answer 75

muscle

Question 76

what system's functions are fast acting control system, responding to internal and external change, activation of muscles and glands

Answer 76

nervous

Question 77

what system's functions are secretion of regulatory hormones, growth, reproduction, metabolism

Answer 77

endocrine

Question 78

what system's functions are transportation of materials to and from all cells, body temp maintenance, participation in defense against disease and injury

Answer 78

cardiovascular

Question 79

what system's functions are returning excess tissue fluid to circulatory system, participation in both general and specific immune response

Answer 79

lymphatic

Question 80

what system's functions are gas exchange between air and blood, participation in producution of sound

Answer 80

respiratory

Question 81

what system's functions are maintaining the volume and composition of body fluids, excretion of some waste products

Answer 81

urinary

Question 82

what system's functions are providing body with water and nutrients, synthesize proteins and lipids for body, inactivates many substances like hormones, toxins and drugs

Answer 82

digestive

Question 83

what system's functions are production of egg or sperm, nurture developing embryo until birth, provide sperm

Answer 83

reproduction

Question 84

def of homeostasis

Answer 84

maintenance of a stable environment

Question 85

what are survival needs of all systems and cells

Answer 85

nutrients, water, oxygen, stable body temp, atmospheric pressure

Question 86

how/what does the body communicate through

Answer 86

nervous and endocrine systems

Question 87

what is all a part of the control systems

Answer 87

receptors (respond to changes and send info), control center (determines normal), effector (provides means for response)

Question 88

negative feedback

Answer 88

AUTOMATICALLY DELETED AND COUNTERACTED, shuts off/decreases intensity of original stimulus, includes most homeostatic control mechanisms

Question 89

positive feedback

Answer 89

increase in original stimulus to push the variable further, is TEMPORARY