Tissues Structure and Function

Question 1

Tissue

Answer 1

groups of cells with similar function

Question 2

Histology

Answer 2

study of tissues

Question 3

Four main types of tissues

Answer 3

Connective tissue, Epithelial tissue, Muscle tissue, and Nervous tissue

Question 4

How do cells form tissue?

Answer 4

Cell junctions

Question 5

What are the functions of epithelial tissue?

Answer 5

• Protect underlying tissues
• Absorb nutrients
• Secrete hormones, mucus, enzymes
• Excrete waste

Question 6

What are the features of epithelial tissue?

Answer 6

• Basement membrane anchors
• Names according to
• Cells are closely packed
  ~ tight and adhesive junction

Question 7

Classification based on shape

Answer 7

• Squamous: flat
  ~Protection
• Cuboidal: cube shaped
  ~Protection and secretion
• Columnar: tall and rectangular
  ~Secretion and absorption

Question 8

Simple

Answer 8

one layer

Question 9

Stratified

Answer 9

more than one layer

Question 10

What is the first layer of epithelial tissues?

Answer 10

Simple epithelia

Question 11

Simple squamous

Answer 11

single layer of flat cells

Question 12

What is the function of simple squamous?

Answer 12

• Diffusion
• Filtration
• Secretion in membranes

Question 13

Where is simple squamous located?

Answer 13

Usually forms membranes
EX: air sacs of lungs, forms walls of capillary

Question 14

Simple cuboidal

Answer 14

single layer of cube-like cells

Question 15

What are the functions of simple cuboidal?

Answer 15

• Secretion and absorption
• Ciliated types propel mucus or reproductive cells

Question 16

Where is simple cuboidal located?

Answer 16

Common in glands and their ducts
EX: Surface of ovaries

Question 17

Simple columnar

Answer 17

single layer of tall cells
~ Goblet cells secrete mucus

Question 18

What is simple columnar’ s functions?

Answer 18

• Secretion and absorption
• Ciliated types propel mucus or reproductive cells

Question 19

Where is simple columnar located?

Answer 19

• Lines digestive tract from stomach to anus
• Mucus membranes (mucosae) line body cavities opening to the exterior

Question 20

Pseudostratified Columnar

Answer 20

• All cells rest on a basement membrane
• SIngle layer, but some cells are shorter than others giving a false (pseudo) impression of stratification

Question 21

What are the functions of pseudostratified columnar?

Answer 21

• Absorption & secretion

Question 22

Where is pseudostratified columnar located?

Answer 22

• Respiratory tract (trachea), where it is ciliated and known as pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Question 23

What is the second layer of epithelial tissue?

Answer 23

Stratified Epithelia

Question 24

Stratified squamous

Answer 24

Named for cells present at the free (apical_ surface, which are flattened

Question 25

What are the functions of stratified squamous

Answer 25

- As a protective covering where friction is common

Question 26

Where is stratified squamous located?

Answer 26

- Lining of the skin, mouth, esophagus

Question 27

Stratified Cuboidal

Answer 27

two layers of cuboidal cells

Question 28

What are the functions of stratified cuboidal?

Answer 28

- Protection

Question 29

Where is stratified cuboidal located?

Answer 29

- Lines the ducts of mammary glands - Salivary glands - Pancreas

Question 30

Stratified columnar

Answer 30

surface cells are columnar, and cells underneath vary in size and shape

Question 31

What is the function of simple columnar?

Answer 31

- Protection

Question 32

Where is simple columnar located?

Answer 32

- Lines the urethra (male)

Question 33

Glandular Epithelium

Answer 33

- Specialized epithelium composed of cells that produce and secrete substances ~ Usually secreted via ducts or as body fluids - These cells form glands - Composed of ~ Simple Columnar Epithelium ~ Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

Question 34

Types of Glands

Answer 34

- Exocrine - Endocrine - Merocrine - Apocrine - Holocrine

Question 35

What are exocrine glands functions?

Answer 35

- Secrete products into ducts that transport to other locations EX: Hepatic Duct- transport bile from the gallbladder to the small intestine

Question 36

What are endocrine glands functions?

Answer 36

- Secrete products directly into the blood or surrounding tissue fluids EX: Islets of Langerhans (pancreas)- secrete insulin and glucagon into the blood stream

Question 37

What are merocrine glands functions?

Answer 37

- Secrete products via exocytosis

Question 38

What are apocrine glands functions?

Answer 38

- Release a portion of their cell containing secretion

Question 39

What are holocrine glands functions?

Answer 39

- Release entire cell that disintegrates to release productions

Question 40

What are the functions of connective tissues?

Answer 40

- Movement ---> bones, tendons - Protection & insulation ---> bones, blood, fat - Storage ---> Bone, fat - Attachment and separation ---> Attaches skin to muscle

Question 41

Extracellular Matrix

Answer 41

Connective tissue cells have much more space between them than epithelial tissues, wich this fills up

Question 42

What composes the extracellular matrix?

Answer 42

- Protein fibers and fluid that fill the space between the cells and hold them together ~ ECM in bone and cartilage is primarily made of protein and has very little fluid making the tissue rigid and stiff ~ Loose connective tissues have much more fluid making them softer and more flexible

Question 43

Fibers

Answer 43

Connective tissue is stronger than the epitheliums and plays a role in connecting and anchoring layers of the tissue in the human body

Question 44

Three primary fibers

Answer 44

- Collagen fibers - Elastic fibers - Reticular fibers

Question 45

Connective tissues from rigid to softest

Answer 45

Bone ---> Cartilage ---> Dense connective ---> Loose connective ---> Blood